Introduction
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Votinov, Mikhail; Katharina S. Goerlich, et al. “Brain Structure Changes Associated with Sexual Orientation.” Scientific Reports. Mar. 3,2021. 11 (1).
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from big bang to human brain
In the Beginning
Powell, Corey. “When the Cosmos Started to Cook.“ Discover magazine, Oct. 29, 2014.
Powner, Matthew W.; Gerland, Beatrice; Sutherland, John. “Synthesis of Activated Pyrimidine Ribonucleotides in Prebiotically Plausible Conditions.” Nature. May 14, 2009. 459 239–242.
“Understanding the Evolution of Life in the Universe.” NASA.
Javaux, Emmanuelle J. “Challenges in Evidencing the Earliest Traces of Life.” Nature. August 21, 2019. 572: 451–60.
Toomey, David. “Alien Life on Earth.” Discover magazine. Updated Nov. 14, 2019.
Ayala, Francisco Jose “Evolution | Theory, Examples, & Facts.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Updated Dec. 2023.
We are Two Percent Human
Zhang, Gus Q., Weiguo, Zhang. “Heart Rate, Lifespan, and Mortality Risk.” Ageing Research Reviews. Jan. 2009. 8 (1): 52–60.
Alex, Bridget. “Meet the Denisovans.” Discover magazine. Nov. 4, 2016.
Neimark, Jill. “Homo Sapiens, Meet Your New Astounding Family.” Discover magazine. July 18, 2011.
Tarlach, Gemma. “Finding Human Ancestors in New Places.” Discover magazine. Jan. 2019.
Akst, Jeff. “Neanderthal DNA in Modern Human Genomes Is Not Silent.” The Scientist. Sept. 2019.
Bramble, Dennis M, Lieberman, Daniel. “Endurance Running and the Evolution of Homo.” Nature Nov. 18, 2004. 432: 345–52.
Tarlach, Gemma. “Our New Past.” Discover magazine. Apr. 2018. Pp 68-69.
Laland, Kevin. “What Made Us Unique.” Scientific American. Sept. 2018.
“Life Expectancy.” Wikipedia.
Zimmer, Carl. “The Tangled Bank: An introduction to Evolution.” Freeman, W.H. and Co. 2013.
Brain Assembly
“Evolution, development, and plasticity of the human brain: from molecules to bones.” Hrvoj-Mihic, Blanka; Bienvenu, Thibault. et al. Frontiers of Human Neuroscience.
Lauren, Martin. “What to know about the brain.” MedicalNewsToday. Updated Feb. 10, 2023
McAuliffe, Kathleen. “If Modern Humans Are So Smart, Why Are Our Brains Shrinking?” Discover magazine, Jan. 20, 2011.
Clarkson, Josie. “Animal Brains v Human Brains – Let the Battle of the Brains Commence!” Science Focus, Oct. 20, 2017.
From One Cell to Billions
Ackerman, Sandra. “The Development and Shaping of the Brain.” National Library of Medicine
Out of the Starting Gate
“Brain Development.” First Things First.
Mampe, Birgit; Friederici, Angela et al. “Newborns’ Cry Melody Is Shaped by Their Native Language.” Current Biology. Vol 19 Issue 23. Dec. 15, 2009.
Tierney, Adrienne L; Nelson, Charles III. “Brain Development and the Role of Experience in the Early Years.“ Zero Three. Nov. 1, 2009 (30)2: 9-13.
The Working Brain
Godwin, Dwayne; Jorge Cham. “Mind in Pictures.” Scientific American. Nov 2012.
Sheikh, Knvul. “How We Save Face–Researchers Crack the Brain’s Facial-Recognition Code.” Scientific American Mind, July 1, 2017.
Glasser, Matthew F.; Timothy S. Coalson et al. “A Multi-Modal Parcellation of Human Cerebral Cortex.” Nature Jul. 20, 2016.
Komiyama, Takaki. “Diversity of Primate Brain Cells Unraveled.” Science Advances. Oct. 12 2023. Vol 9, Issue 41.
Hallet, Mark. “Brain Network Function and Clinical Neurologic Disorders.” Neurology, Nov. 2020.
Pfeiffer, Brad E., Foster, David J. “Discovering the Brain’s Cognitive Map.” JAMA Neurology. Mar. 2015.
Fox, Michael D. “Mapping Symptoms to Brain Networks with the Human Connectome.” New England Journal of Medicine Dec. 6, 2018.
Herculano-Houzel, S. “The Remarkable, yet Not Extraordinary, Human Brain as a Scaled-up Primate Brain and Its Associated Cost.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (Supplement_1). June 22, 2012.
Mehl, Matthias. R.; Vazire, Simine et al. “Are Women Really More Talkative than Men?” Science July 6, 2007.
Talan, Jamie. “Neurons Moved Through Thought in Another Advance for Brain-Computer Interface.” Neurology Today Nov. 8, 2010
Jacobs, Joshua; Weidemann, Christoph T. et al. “Direct Recordings of Grid-like Neuronal Activity in Human Spatial Navigation.” Nature Neuroscience Aug. 4, 2013
Zimmer, Carl. “100 Trillion Connections: New Efforts Probe and Map the Brain’s Detailed Architecture.“ Scientific American, Jan. 1, 2011.
It’s all in Your Genes
Cui, Huxing, Naoki Nishiguchi, et al. “Association of RGS2 Gene Polymorphisms with Suicide and Increased RGS2 Immunoreactivity in the Postmortem Brain of Suicide Victims.” Aug. 29, 2007. Neuropsychopharmacology 33 (7)
Reiss, M. “The Genetics of Hand-Clasping–a Review and a Familial Study.” Annals of Human Biology July 9, 2009.
Andrei, Mihai. “Redheads Do Feel More Pain — and They’re Tougher than Anyone Else.” ZME Science. Updated Apr. 30, 2023
Tolstrup, Janne Schurmann; Børge Grønne Nordestgaard, et al. “Alcoholism and Alcohol Drinking Habits Predicted from Alcohol Dehydrogenase Genes.” The Pharmacogenomics Journal Oct 9, 2007. 8
Pirastu, Nicola, Maarten Kooyman, et al. “Non-Additive Genome-Wide Association Scan Reveals a New Gene Associated with Habitual Coffee Consumption.” Scientific Reports. Aug. 25, 2016.
Smith, Karen E.; Porges, Eric C. et al. “Oxytocin Receptor Gene Variation Predicts Empathic Concern and Autonomic Arousal While Perceiving Harm to Others.” Taylor and Frances Online. Social Neuroscience Vol.9, 2014
Todd, Rebecca. M.; Ehlers, Mana. R. et al. “Neurogenetic Variations in Norepinephrine Availability Enhance Perceptual Vividness.” Journal of Neuroscience. Apr. 22, 2015.
Bondy, B; Buettner, A; Zill, P. “Genetics of Suicide.” Molecular Psychiatry Feb. 7, 2006.
Anthes, Emily. “Popularity is in Your Genes.” Scientific American. July 1, 2009.
Fowler, James H.; Dawkes, Christopher T.; Christakis, Nicholas A. “Model of Genetic Variation in Human Social Networks.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Feb. 2009
Garcia, Justin R.; MacKillop, James, et al. “Associations between Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene Variation with Both Infidelity and Sexual Promiscuity.” PLoSONE Nov. 30, 2010.
Le Page, Michael. “DNA Variants That Are Bad for Health May Also Make You Stupid.“ Health, June 20, 2017
Miller, Geoffrey. “The Looming Crisis in Human Genetics.” The Economist. Nov. 13, 2009.
Plomin, Robert. “In the Nature–Nurture War, Nature Wins. Environmental Influences Are Important, Too, but They Are Largely Unsystematic, Unstable and Idiosyncratic.“ Scientific American, Dec. 14, 2018.
“Human Genetic Variation.” Wikipedia
Rosenberg, Roger N. “Genomic Neurology: A New Beginning.” Archives of Neurology. Nov. 2001.
Daghlas, Iyas; Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, et al “Migraine, Stroke, and Cervical Arterial Dissection.” Feb. 1, 2022. Neurology Genetics
De Neve, Jan-Emmanuel; Fowler, James H. “Credit Card Borrowing and the Monoamine Oxidase a (MAOA) Gene.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization Nov. 2014.
It’s Not all in Your Genes
Hurley, Dan. “Trait vs Fate.“ Discover magazine, Updated Apr. 17, 2020
Feinberg, Andrew P. “The Key Role of Epigenetics in Human Disease Prevention and Mitigation.” New England Journal of Medicine. Apr. 5, 2018.
Rodriguez, Tori. “Descendants of Holocaust Survivors Have Altered Stress Hormones.” Scientific American. Mar. 1, 2015.
Mansuy, Isabelle M.; Safa, Mohanna. “Epigenetics and the Human Brain: Where Nurture Meets Nature.” Cerebrum., May 25, 2011
Landgrave-Gómez, Jorge; Mercado-Gómez, Octavian, et al. “Epigenetic Mechanisms in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Diseases.” Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. Feb. 27, 2015.
The Electric Brain
“Action Potential.” Wikipedia
Dougherty, Elizabeth. “What Are Thoughts Made Of?” MIT School of Engineering. Apr. 26, 2011.
Fröhlich, Flavio; David A. McCormick. “Endogenous Electric Fields May Guide Neocortical Network Activity.” Neuron. July 15, 2010.
Wang, J. X., Rogers L. M. et al. “Targeted Enhancement of Cortical-Hippocampal Brain Networks and Associative Memory.” Science.
Sleep
Björn, Rasch, Born, Jan. “About Sleep’s Role in Memory.” Physiological Reviews
Nath, Ravi D.; Bedbrook, Claire et al. “The Jellyfish Cassiopea Exhibits a Sleep-like State.” Current Biology Oct. 9, 2017.
King, Paul. “Why Do We Dream? Recent Developments in Neuroscience May Have the Answer.“ Forbes, Oct. 4, 2016.
“Rapid Eye Movement Sleep.” Wikipedia
Nunn, Charles L.; Samson, David R.; Krystal, Andrew D. “Shining Evolutionary Light on Human Sleep and Sleep Disorders.” Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health July 28,2016.
Patel, Aakash K; John F Araujo, et al. “Physiology, Sleep Stages.” StatPearls sourced in National Library of Medicine.
Your Peripheral Brain
Tennesen, Michael. “The Trillions of Microbes That Call Us Home—and Help Keep Us Healthy.” Discover Magazine, July 13, 2011.
“The Brain-Gut Connection.” John Hopkins Medicine.
Wang, Qing; Luo Yuqi, et al. “The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Options.” Brain, Sept. 2021
Cabrera, Cristian; Paloma Vicens; Torrente, Margarita. “Modifiable Risk Factors for Dementia: The Role of Gut Microbiota.” Current Alzheimer Research 2021.
Correale, Jorge; Hohlfeld, Reinhard; Baranzini, Sergio. “The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis.” Nature Reviews Neurology Aug. 5, 2022
Galland, Leo. “The Gut Microbiome and the Brain.” Journal of Medicinal Food. Dec. 15, 2014
Dinan, Timothy G.; Stilling, Roman M et al. “Collective Unconscious: How Gut Microbes Shape Human Behavior.” Journal of Psychiatric Research. Mar. 3, 2015.
The Brain and Disease
Stovner, LJ; Hagen, K. et al. “The Global Burden of Headache: A Documentation of Headache Prevalence and Disability Worldwide.” Cephalalgia Mar. 2007.
Feigin, Valery L; Stark, Benjamin A et al. “Global, Regional, and National Burden of Stroke and Its Risk Factors, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.” The Lancet Neurology Oct. 2021. 2(10): 795–820.
Feigin, Valery L; Nichols, Emma et al. “Global, Regional, and National Burden of Neurological Disorders, 1990–2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.” The Lancet Neurology May 2019. 18 (5): 459–80
“On the Front Lines: Primary Care Physicians and Alzheimer’s Care in America.” 2023 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures.
“Dementia.” World Health Organization. Mar. 15, 2023.
Nandi, Arindam; Counts, Nathaniel et al. “Global and regional projections of the economic burden of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias from 2019 to 2050. A value of statistical life approach.” The Lancet, eClinical medicine. July 21, 2022.
Kushima, Megumi; Kojima, Reiji et al. “Association between Screen Time Exposure in Children at 1 Year of Age and Autism Spectrum Disorder at 3 Years of Age.” JAMA Pediatrics. Jan. 31, 2022. 176 (4): 384.
McQueen, Janie. “Childhood ADHD and Screen Time.” WebMD. May 2022.
“Pervasive Developmental Disorders.” National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.
Fu, Jack M.; Satterstrom, Kyle F. et al. “Rare Coding Variation Provides Insight into the Genetic Architecture and Phenotypic Context of Autism.” Nature Genetics Aug. 18, 2022.
“Autism Spectrum Disorder.” National Institute of Mental Health.
“Vaccines Do Not Cause Autism Concerns.” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Hattori, Junri; Tatsuya Ogino et al. “Are Pervasive Developmental Disorders and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Distinct Disorders?” Brain and Development Jul. 2006.
Renoux, Christel; Shin, Ju-Young, et al. “Prescribing trends of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications in UK primary care 1995-2015.” British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. Jun. 9, 2016
Jabr, Ferris. “Head Strong.” Scientific American. Jan/Feb 2017.
Andrews, Paul W.; Thomson, J. A. Jr. “Depression’s Evolutionary Roots.” Scientific American. January 1, 2010.
Hidaka, Brandon H. “Depression as a Disease of Modernity: Explanations for Increasing Prevalence.” Journal of Affective Disorders Nov. 2012.
Greenberg, P., Chitnis, A., et al. “The Economic Burden of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder in the United States.” Advances in Therapeutics. 40, 4460–4479 (2023)
Parth, Chodavadia; Teo, Irene et al. “Prevalence and economic burden of depression and anxiety symptoms among Singaporean adults: results from a 2022 web panel.” BMC Psychiatry. Feb. 14, 2023
LEARNING and memory
Fire Together to Wire Together
Netzley, Michael. “What Fires Together, Wires Together.” Medium. Nov 26, 2022.
Cohen, Joe. “What Is Long-Term Potentiation (LTP), And Why Is It Important?” Dec. 15, 2022.
Positive Frustration
Meyer, Alexandria; Greg Hajcak Proudfit, et al “Self-Reported and Observed Punitive Parenting Prospectively Predicts Increased Error-Related Brain Activity in Six-Year-Old Children.” Aug. 5, 2014. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
We Learn in Three Stages
“The Socratic Method.” Wikipedia.
Fields, Douglas R. “The Brain Learns in Unexpected Ways”. Scientific American. Mar. 1, 2020.
“Long-term Potentiation”, Wikipedia.
Josselyn, Sheena A.; Susumu Tonegawa. “Memory Engrams: Recalling the Past and Imagining the Future.” Jan. 3, 2020. Science 367
Learning Assistants
“Place Cell.” Wikipedia.
Cattaneo, Luigi; Rizzolatti. Giacomo. “The Mirror Neuron System.” Archives of Neurology. May 2009.
Hambrick, David Z.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot, M. “The Genetics of Music Accomplishment: Evidence for Gene–Environment Correlation and Interaction.” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review June 24, 2014.
Papierno, Paul; Ceci, Stephen, et al. “The Nature and Nurture of Talent: A Bioecological Perspective on the Ontogeny of Exceptional Abilities.” Department of Education.
Tricks of the Trade
Hutson, Matthew. “Students Who Gesture during Learning ‘Grasp’ Concepts Better.” Scientific American. Apr. 13, 2021.
Cohn, Patrick. “Sports Visualization: The Secret Weapon of Athletes.” Peakperformancesports.
Memory
Zusi, Karen. “A Memory’s Journey.” Yale Medicine. 2015.
Vetere, Gisella; Lina M. Tran, et al. “Memory Formation in the Absence of Experience.” Nature Science, Apr. 2019.
Sheikh, Knvul. “How We Save Face–Researchers Crack the Brain’s Facial-Recognition Code.” Scientific American. June 1, 2017.
Jenkins, R.; Dowsett, A.J. “How Many Faces Do People Know?” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Oct. 10, 2018.
Reas, Emilie. “Important New Theory Explains Where Old Memories Go.“ Scientific American. Oct. 15, 2013.
Miller, Greg. “How Our Brains Make Memories.“ Smithsonian Magazine, May 2010.
Orlando, Alex. “Let’s Make Some Memories.” Discover magazine. June/July 2020.
Shen, Helen and Nature magazine. “Portrait of a Memory.” Scientific American. Mar. 14, 2018.
Cowan, Nelson. “What Are the Differences between Long-Term, Short-Term, and Working Memory?” Progress in Brain Research 2008.
Messier, Claude; Béland-Millar, Alexandria. “Does the Brain Use More Energy during Particular Activities?” Scientific American. May 1, 2017.
Hawk, J.; Abel, T. “Role of Gene Transcription in Long-Term Memory Storage.” Encyclopedia of Behavioral Neuroscience, 2nd Edition, 2017.
Trafton, Anne. “New Study Reveals How Brain Waves Control Working Memory.” MIT News. Jan. 26, 2018.
Rufthauser, Ueli; Ross, Ian B. et al. “Human Memory Strength Is Predicted by Theta-Frequency Phase-Locking of Single Neurons.” Nature, Mar. 24, 2010.
A Memory Manual
Tan, Shawn; Zheng Kai, et al. “The Paradoxical Effect of Deep Brain Stimulation on Memory.” Aging and Disease 2020.
Dunlosky, John, Rawson, Katherine A. et al. “What Works, What Doesn’t.” Scientific American. Jan. 1, 2015.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-works-what-doesn-t/.
Agarwal, Pooja K.; Bain, Patrice M.; Chamberlain, Roger. “The Value of Applied Research: Retrieval Practice Improves Classroom Learning and Recommendations from a Teacher, a Principal, and a Scientist.” Educational Psychology Review Aug. 19, 2012.
Hays, Matthew Jensen; Kornell, Nate; Bjork, Robert A. “When and Why a Failed Test Potentiates the Effectiveness of Subsequent Study.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2013.
Blomstrand, Peter; Engvall, Jan. “Effects of a Single Exercise Workout on Memory and Learning Functions in Young Adults – a Systematic Review.” Translational Sports Medicine Aug. 8, 2020.
Basso, Julia C.; McHale, Alexandra et al. “Brief, Daily Meditation Enhances Attention, Memory, Mood, and Emotional Regulation in Non-Experienced Meditators.” Behavioural Brain Research. Jan 1. 2019.
Lardone, Anna; Liparoti, Marianna et al. “Mindfulness Meditation Is Related to Long-Lasting Changes in Hippocampal Functional Topology during Resting State: A Magnetoencephalography Study.” Neural Plasticity Dec. 2018.
Delazer, M.; Ischebeck A., et al. “Learning by Strategies and Learning by Drill—Evidence from an FMRI Study.” NeuroImage Apr. 15, 2005.
Laeng, B.; Sulutvedt, Unni. “The Eye Pupil Adjusts to Imaginary Light.” Psychological Science. Nov. 27, 2013.
“The Science Is Clear: Why Multitasking Doesn’t Work.” Health Essentials from Cleveland Clinic. Mar. 10, 2021.
Madore, Kevin P.; Khazenzon, Anna M. et al. “Memory Failure Predicted by Attention Lapsing and Media Multitasking.” Oct. 28, 2020.
Makin, Simon. “What Happens in the Brain When We Misremember.” Scientific America. Sept. 9, 2016.
Hambrick, David Z. “Brain Training Doesn’t Make You Smarter.” Scientific American. Dec. 2, 2014.
Nørby, Simon. “Why Forget? On the Adaptive Value of Memory Loss.” Perspectives on Psychological Science Sept. 17, 2015.
Reading from Paper Beats Reading from Screen
Takuya, Keita; Ibaraki Takuya, et al “Notebooks vs. Mobile Devices: Brain Activation Differences During Memory Retrieval.” Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. Mar. 19, 2021.
Delgado, Pablo; Vargas, Christina et al. “Don’t throw away your printed books: A meta-analysis on the effects of reading media on reading comprehension.” Science Direct. Educational Research Review. Elsevier. Nov. 2018.
Kerry Benson. “Reading on Paper vs. Screens: What’s the Difference?” Brainfacts.org. July 28, 2020.
Jabr, Ferris. “The Reading Brain in the Digital Age: Why Paper Still Beats Screens.” Scientific American. Nov. 1, 2013.
Delgado, Carla. 2021. “How Fonts Affect Learning and Memory.“ Discover magazine, Oct. 9, 2021.
Mangen, Anne; Walgermo, Bente R.; Brønnick, Kolbjørn. “Reading linear texts on paper versus computer screen: Effects on reading comprehension.” Elsevier, International Journal of Education Research. 2013.
Chiaet, Julian. “Novel Finding: Reading Literary Fiction Improves Empathy.” Scientific American. Oct. 4, 2013.
Yun, Jun Sun; Sahakian, Barbara et al. “Early-initiated Childhood Reading for Pleasure: Associations with Better Cognitive Performance, Mental well-being and Brain Structure in Young Adolescence.” Cambridge University Press. June 28, 2023.
“Our Screen-free Approach” Waldorf School.org. Accessed Dec. 2023.
Jenkin, Matthew. “Tablets out, imagination in: The schools that shun technology.” The Guardian. Dec. 2, 2015.
The Pen is Mightier than the Keyboard
Keim, Brandon. “The Science of Handwriting.” Scientific American. Sept. 1, 2013.
Mueller, Pam. Oppenheimer, Dan et al. “The Pen is Mightier than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking.” Sage Journals. Apr. 23, 2014.
Van der Weel, F.R., Van der Meer, Audrey. “Handwriting but not typewriting leads to widespread brain connectivity: a high-density EEG study with implications for the classroom.” Frontiers in Psychology, Jan. 26, 2024
Imagination
Herbert, Wray. “Imagining the Future Invokes Your Memory.” Scientific American. May 1, 2012.
Wickelgren, Ingrid. “Where imagination Lives in Your Brain”. Scientific American. June 8, 2023.
Comrie, Allison; Frank, Loren; Kay, Kenneth. “Imagination as a Fundamental Function of the Hippocampus.” Royal Society Publishing. Oct 31.2022.
Matherne, Samantha. “Kant’s Theory of the Imagination” Philarchive.org 2016.
HOW we decide
Lehrer, Jonah. “How We Decide.” Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. 2010.
It’s all about Reward
“How Dopamine Works.” HowStuffWorks. June 9, 2023.
Luerssen, Anna; Gyurak, Anett et al. “Delay of Gratification in Childhood Linked to Cortical Interactions with the Nucleus Accumbens.” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Dec. 2015.
Navidad, Angel E. “Stanford Marshmallow Test Experiment.” SimplyPsychology. Updated Sept 7, 2023.
Fear
“Science Behind Fear: Why Do We Get Scared.” Miragenews.com.June 1, 2023.
We Hate to Lose
“Loss Aversion – Biases & Heuristics” TheDecisionLab.
“Prospect Theory”. TheDecisionLab.
Into the Group, But not That Group
Konnikova, Maria. “The Real Lessons of the Stanford Prison Experiment.”TheNew Yorker, June 12, 2015.
“Prejudice from an Evolutionary Perspective.” Wikipedia.
“Asch Conformity Experiments.” Wikipedia.
Gosline, Anna. “Brain Scans Reveal Racial Biases.” New Scientist, May 8, 2005.
Gorman, Sara; Gorman, Jack. “Can Brain Imaging Teach Us Anything about Racism?” PsychologyToday. Sept. 6, 2017.
Lieberman, Matthew D; Hariri, Ahmad et al “An FMRI Investigation of Race-Related Amygdala Activity in African-American and CaucasianAmerican Individuals.” Nature Neuroscience May 8, 2005.
hekroud, Adam M.; Everett, Jim A.C. et al “A Review of Neuroimaging Studies of Race-Related Prejudice: Does Amygdala Response Reflect Threat?” FrontiersinHumanNeuroscience Mar. 27, 2014.
Wan, Lulu. “The Other-Race Effect in Face Recognition: Perceptual, Social Psychological and Development Insights.” Doctor of Philosophy (Psychology) Thesis, TheAustralianNationalUniversity(DepartmentofPsychology). 2017.
“Twist on Evolutionary Theory Could Help Explain Racism and Other Forms of Prejudice.” Science Daily.
Willingham, Emily. “People Think Minority Groups Are Bigger than They Really Are.” ScientificAmerican.April 27, 2022.
Edelson, M.; Sharot, T. et al. “Following the Crowd: Brain Substrates of Long-Term Memory Conformity.” ScienceJul. 2011.
“Neuroscience and Race.” Wikipedia.
Familiarity
Mackinnon, Sean P.; Jordan, Christian H; Wilson, Anne E. “Birds of a Feather Sit Together: Physical Similarity Predicts Seating Choice.” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin Apr. 5, 2011.
Simkus, Julia. “Confirmation Bias in Psychology: Definitions and Examples” SimplyPsychology. June 22, 2023.
Amber, Angelle. “Why Do Couples Start to Look like Each Other?” Live- science.com. Jun. 26, 2010.
“Memory Conformity.”Wikipedia.
Seeing is Believing
“The Effectiveness of Visual and Auditory Memory. An investigation by Catherine (Katie) Taylor.“ Young Scientist.com.
“Seven Reasons Visuals Are So Effective in Advertising.” The Yale Ledger. June 6, 2023.
Cognitive Bias
“Cognitive bias.” Wikipedia.
“The First Impression bias.” TheDecisionlab.
“Framing Effect (Psychology).” Wikipedia.
Furnham, Adrian; Hua Chu Boo. “A Literature Review of the Anchoring Effect.” The Journal of Socio-Economics Feb. 2011.
Zaraska, Marta. “The Warmth of Friendship, the Chill of Betrayal.” ScientificAmerican. March 1, 2017.
Williams, L.E.; Bargh, J.A. “Experiencing Physical Warmth Promotes Inter- personal Warmth.” Science Oct. 24, 2009.
“Mere-Exposure Effect.” Wikipedia.
“Why We Believe Lies Even after They Are Proved Wrong : Archive Page: The University of Western Australia.” July 6, 2011.
Furnham,Adrian;Caruso,EugeneM.etal.“Slow Motion Increases Perceived Intent.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Aug. 1, 2016
Rodriguez, Tori. “Hidden Metaphors Get under Our Skin.” ScientificAmerican.Nov. 1, 2013.
Kahneman, Daniel. ThinkingFastandSlow.PenguinBooks. 2011.
The World Around Us
Blog post on proportionality bias. Newristics. Accessed Aug. 2024.
Carleton, T. A.; Hsiang, S.M. “Social and Economic Impacts of Climate.” Sept. 9, 2016. Science
Kang, Yoona; Williams, Lawrence et al. “Physical Temperature Effects on Trust Behavior: The Role of Insula.” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
You are Your Language(s)
Athanasopoulos, Panos; Bylund, Emanuel et al. “Two Languages, Two Minds: Flexible Cognitive Processing Driven by Language of Operation.” Mar. 6, 2015. Psychological Science
Schroeder, Scott R; Marian, Viorica. “Cognitive Consequences of Trilingual- ism.” InternationalJournalofBilingualism Apr. 1, 2016.
Keysar, Boaz; Hayakawa et al. “Psychological Science the Foreign-Language Effect: Thinking in a Foreign Tongue Reduces Decision Biases.” AssociationforPsychological Science.” Apr. 18, 2012.
Costa, Albert; Foucart, Alice et al. “Your Morals Depend on Language.” PLoSONE April 23, 2014.
It’s All in the Face
Craig, David. Columbia Magazine. Feb 7, 2024. “What Your Facial Features Say About You.”
Stolier, Ryan; Freeman, Jonathan. “Neural pattern similarity reveals the inherent intersection of social categories.” Nature Neuroscience. May 2, 2016. Brief Communications.
Little, Anthony; Burriss, Robert, et al. “Facial appearance affects voting decisions.” EvolutionandHumanBehavior. Jan. 2007, Vol 28
It’s All in Your Hands
Cassity, Jessica. “Finger Length Predicts Health and Behavior.” DiscoverMagazine, Apr. 17, 2020.
Casasanto, Daniel; Henetz, Tania. “Handedness Shapes Children’s Abstract Concepts.” Cognitive Science Sept. 14, 2011.
Jacewicz, Natalie. “Right-Hand Bias Is Everywhere.” The Atlantic, Mar. 8, 2016.
Rahman, A.; Lophatananon, A. et al. “Hand Pattern Indicates Prostate Cancer Risk.” BritishJournalofCancerNov. 30, 2010.
Wilson, Frank. “The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture.” PantheonBooks. 1998.
It’s All in Your Name
Vuorre, Matti. “What Your Name Says about How Believable You Are.” ScientificAmerican.Apr. 29, 2014.
Berinato, Scott. “We Look like Our Names.” HarvardBusinessReview, Sept. 2017.
Faulty Logic
Aschwanden, Christie. “A User’s Guide to Rational Thinking.” Discover, May 28, 2015.
“Guide to the Most Common Logical fallacies.” Thinkingispower.com.
Ku, Kelly Y. L.; Ho, Irene T. 2010. “Metacognitive Strategies That EnhanceCritical Thinking.” Metacognition and Learning July 21, 2010
Rosi, Alessia; Vecchi, Tomasio; Cavallini, Elena. “Metacognitive-StrategyTraining Promotes Decision-Making Ability in Older Adults.” Open Psychology Apr. 17, 2019.
Kaufman, Scott Barry. “The Role of Luck in Life Success Is Far Greater than We Realized.” Scientific American Blog (blog). March 1, 2018.
Imber, Amantha. “Timing is Everything for Good Decision-Making.” NewZealand Management. July 22, 2019.
The Terrible Teens
Zimmer, Carl. “The Brain: The Trouble with Teens.” Discover magazine. March 24, 2011
Casey, B.J.; Getz, Sarah; Galvan, Adriana. “The Adolescent Brain.” Developmental Review March 2008.
Chavarria, Mary C; Sanchez, Francisco et al. “Puberty in the Corpus Callosum.” Neuroscience. Apr. 18, 2014.
THE SOCIAL BRAIN
Emotions
Stern, Victoria. “Why We Worry.” Scientific American. Nov 1, 2009.
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G.; Tibi-Elhanany, Y; Aharon-Peretz, J. 2007. “The Green-Eyed Monster and Malicious Joy: The Neuroanatomical Bases of Envy and Gloating (Schadenfreude).” June 2007.
Denworth, Lydia. “The Good and Bad of Empathy.” Scientific American. Dec. 1, 2017
Safran, Avinoam B.; Nicolae Sanda. “Color Synesthesia. Insight into Perception, Emotion, and Consciousness.” Current Opinion in Neurology Feb. 2015.
Rodriguez, Tori. “Negative emotions are Key to Well-Being.” Scientific American. May 1, 2013.
Phan, K. Luan; Wager, Tor D. et al “Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Human Emotions.” CNS Spectrums. Nov 7, 2014.
Rodriguez, Tori. “Negative emotions are Key to Well-Being.” Scientific American. May 1, 2013.
Fahmy, Miral. “Bad Moods Could Be Good for You.” ABC Science. Nov. 3, 2009
“Von Economo Neuron.” Wikipedia.
Brüne, Martin; Schöbel, Andreas et al. “Neuroanatomical Correlates of Suicide in Psychosis: The Possible Role of VonEconomo Neurons.” Jun. 22, 2011. PLoS ONE
Spalek, Klara.; Fastenrath, Matthias et al. “Sex-Dependent Dissociation between Emotional Appraisal and Memory: A Large-Scale Behavioral and FMRI Study.” Journal of Neuroscience Jan. 21, 2015. 35 (3): 920–35. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2384-14.2015.
Happiness
“The Power of Positive Thinking.” Johns Hopkins Medicine Health Library.
“Smiling Can Trick Your Mind into Being More Positive.” Neuroscience News. Aug. 12, 2020.
Beck, Emorie, Yoneda, Tomiko et al. “Personality predictors of dementia diagnosis and neuropathological burden: An individual participant data meta-analysis.” Alzheimer’s and Dementia. Nov. 29, 2023.
Krakovsky, Marina. “Generosity Is Its Own Reward.” Scientific American. Sept. 1, 2013.
Stein, Dan J.; Vythilingum, Bavanisha. “Love and Attachment: The Psychobiology of Social Bonding.” CNS Spectrums Nov. 7, 2014.
Mehl, Matthias R.; Vazire, Simine, et al. “Eavesdropping on Happiness.”Psychological Science Feb. 8, 2010.
Epley, Nicholas; Schroeder, Juliana. “Mistakenly Seeking Solitude.” Journal ofExperimental Psychology. 2014.
Bell, Susan. “Happiness across the Life Span: Not a Slippery Slope after All.” USC News and Events. Nov. 25, 2019.
Park, Soyoung Q.; Kahnt, Thorsten et al. “A Neural Link between Generosityand Happiness.” Nature Communications July 11, 2017.
Fowler, J. H.; Christakis, N.A. “Dynamic Spread of Happiness in a Large SocialNetwork: Longitudinal Analysis over 20 Years in the Framingham HeartStudy.” BMJ 2008.
Woodward, Aylin. “With a Little Help from My Friends.” Scientific American. May 1, 2017.
Christakis, Nicholas A; Fowler, James. “Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives, How Your Friends’Friends’ Friends Affect Everything You Feel, Think, and Do.” Back Bay Books. 2011
Kramer, Josh Brown; Cutler, Jonathan; Radcliffe A.J. “The Multistep Friendship Paradox.” The American Mathematical Monthly Dec. 13, 2017.
Reardon, Sara. “How Your Brain Is Wired Reveals the Real You.” Scientific American. Sept. 28, 2015.
“Harvard Second Generation Study.” Harvardstudy.
Dfarhud, Dariush; Malmir, Maryam; Khanahmadi. Mohammad. “Happiness & Health: The Biological Factors- Systematic Review Article.” Iran J Public Health. Nov. 2014.
Haidt, Jonathan. The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom. Basic Books. 2006.
Love and Hate
“Brain Has Thin Line between Love and Hate, Scientists Reveal.” Daily Mail Online. Oct. 28, 2008.
Fisher, Helen E.; Arthur Aron, et al. “Defining the Brain Systems of Lust, Romantic Attraction, and Attachment.” Archives of Sexual Behavior Oct. 2002.
Edwards, Scott. “Love and the Brain.” Harvard Medical School. 2015.
Cacioppo, Stephanie. “Wired for Love: A Neuroscientist’s Journey Through Romance, Loss, and the Essence of Human Connection.” Macmillan. 2022.
Wu, Karen. “9 Reasons Why Many Couples Look Alike.” Psychology Today.
Fischer, Helen. “Is There a Biological Basis for the Famous Seven-Year Itch?” Scientific American. Jan 1, 2015.
Emery, Lea Rose. “What Modern Arranged Marriages Really Look Like.” Brides. Nov. 2, 2023.
Patel, Arti. “Marriage, Then Love — Why Arranged Marriages Still Work Today.” Global News. Jul. 26, 2018.
“Arranged marriage in the Indian sub-continent.” Wikipedia.
Felsenthal Stewart, Rebecca. “Does a Better Relationship Mean Better Health?” WebMD. Jan. 26, 2012.
Christakis, Nicholas A.; James H. Fowler. “Love the One You’re With.” Scientific American. Nov.1, 2009.
Venus and Mars
Wilson, Edward O. Sociobiology: The New Synthesis. Harvard Univ. Press. 1975.
Hamilton, Lisa Dawn; Meston Cindy M. “Differences in Neural Response to Romantic Stimuli in Monogamous and Non-Monogamous Men.” Archives of Sexual Behavior Sept. 13, 2017.
Gervais, Sarah J., Theresa K. Vescio et al. “Seeing Women as Objects: TheSexual Body Part Recognition Bias.” European Journal of Social Psychology Jun.29, 2012
“Coolidge Effect.” Wikipedia.
Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza; Khaleghi, Ali. “Transsexualism: A DifferentViewpoint to Brain Changes.” Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience.May 31, 2018.
Lambert, Jonathan. “No ‘Gay Gene’: Massive Study Homes in on GeneticBasis of Human Sexuality.” Nature Aug. 29, 2019.
Whipple, Tom. “The Evolutionary Paradox of Homosexuality.” BBC Science Focus Magazine, May 9, 2018.
Casci, Tanita. “Gay Genes Boost Fertility.” Nature Reviews Genetics Dec. 1, 2004
Bering, Jesse. “The Third Gender.” Scientific American. May 1, 2010.
Burke, Sarah M.; Manzouri, Amir H. “Structural connections in the brain in relation to gender identity and sexual orientation.” Scientific Reports. Dec. 20, 2017.
Goldman, Bruce. “Two Minds.” Stanford Medicine, May 22, 2017.
Ward, Adrian F. “Men and Women Can’t Be “Just Friends.” Scientific American.
Lazarus, Clifford N. “Why Men and Women Can’t Be “Just Friends.” Psychology Today. Sept.28, 2010
Language
Tomasello, Michael. “Origins of Human Communication.” MIT Press. 2010.
Mazoyer, Bernard; Zago, Laure et al. “Gaussian Mixture Modeling of Hemispheric Lateralization for Language in a Large Sample of Healthy Individuals Balanced for Handedness.” Jun. 30, 2014. PLoS ONE 9
Pleyer, Michael; Hartmann, Stefan. “Constructing a Consensus on Language Evolution? Convergences and Differences between Biolinguistic and Usage-Based Approaches.” Frontiers in Psychology Nov. 14, 2019.
Boyle, R.; Knight, S.P et al. “Verbal Intelligence Is a More Robust Cross-Sectional Measure of Cognitive Reserve than Level of Education in Healthy Older Adults.” Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy Jul. 12, 2021.
Hurt, Avery. “How Learning a Language Changes Your Brain.” Discover magazine. May 5, 2021.
Music
Nogrady, Bianca. “Musical Memories Don’t Fade with Age.” Scientific American. July 27, 2024.
Martín-Fernández, Jesús; Burunat, Iballa et al. “Music Style Not Only Modulates the Auditory Cortex, but Also Motor Related Areas.” Neuroscience. Mar. 10, 2021.
Putkinen, Vesa; Nazari-Farsani, Sanaz et al. “Decoding Music-Evoked Emotions in the Auditory and Motor Cortex.” Cerebral Cortex. May 2021.
Harmat, László; Takács Johanna; Bódizs, Robert. “Music Improves Sleep Quality in Students.” Journal of Advanced Nursing Apr. 18, 2008.
Laidman, Jenni. “Music Helps Kids Read.” Scientific American. May 1, 2014.
Sofologi, Maria; Papatzikis, Efthymios et al. “Effectiveness of Musical Training on Reading Comprehension in Elementary School Children. Is There an Associative Cognitive Benefit?” Frontiers in Education. July 2022.
Chen, Chia‐Te; Tung, Heng‐Hsin et al. “Effect of Music Therapy on Improving Sleep Quality in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis.” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Apr. 2021.
Rampton, John. “The Benefits of Playing Music Help Your Brain More than Any Other Activity.” Inc.com . Aug. 21, 2017.
Greenberg, David M.; Simon Baron-Cohen, et al. “Musical Preferences Are Linked to Cognitive Styles.” Jul. 22, 2015.
Culture
Park, Denise C.; Huang Chih-Mao. “Culture Wires the Brain.” Perspectives on Psychological Science Aug. 2, 2010.
Kim, Heejung S.; Sasaki, Joni. “Cultural Neuroscience: Biology of the Mind inCultural Contexts.” Annual Review of Psychology Jan. 2014.
Cook, Gareth. “The Brain and the Written Word.” Scientific American. Mar. 1, 2010
Politics
Schaarschmidt, Theodor. “When Power Turns Toxic” Scientific American.
Everett, Jim A.C.; Pizarro, David A; Crockett, M.J. “Inference of Trustworthiness from Intuitive Moral Judgments.” Journal of Experimental Psychology 2016.
Denworth, Lydia. “Conservative and Liberal Brains Might Have Some Real Differences.” Scientific American. Oct. 26, 2020.
Hatemi, Peter K.; Medland, Sara E. et al. “Genetic Influences on Political Ideologies: Twin Analyses of 19 Measures of Political Ideologies from Five Democracies and Genome-Wide Findings from Three Populations.” Behavior Genetics Feb. 26, 2014.
Rodriguez, Tori. “Figurative Speech Sways Decisions.” Scientific American. Nov 1, 2013.
Hetherington, Marc J; Weiler, Jonathan. Authoritarianism and Polarization in American Politics. Cambridge University Press. 2009.
Laber-Warren, Emily. “Calling a Truce in the Political Wars.” Scientific American.
NEUROPHILOSOPHY
Morality
Ohlson, Kristin. “The Vexing Mental Tug-of-War Called Morality.” Discover magazine. Oct. 15, 2019.
Tomasello, Michael. “The Origins of Human Morality.” Scientific American, Sept. 1, 2018
Mendez, Mario F. “The Neurobiology of Moral Behavior: Review and Neuropsychiatric Implications.” Nov. 7, 2014. CNS Spectrums
Koch, Christof. “Fatal Attraction.” Scientific American. May 1, 2011.
“Next Stop: ‘Trolley Problem.’” Merriam-Webster.com.
Fumagalli, Manuela; Priori, Alberto. “Functional and Clinical Neuroanatomy of Morality.” Brain Jul. 2012.
Wu, Chenjing; Liang, Fuqung, et al. “Spacious Environments Make Us Tolerant—the Role of Emotion and Metaphor.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18 Oct. 7, 2021.
Sandel, Michael J. Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2009.
Wright, Robert: The Moral Animal. Pantheon. 1994.
Crime
Berns, Gregory; Bell, Emily Bell et al. “The Price of Your Soul: Neural Evidence for the Non-Utilitarian Representation of Sacred Values.” Apr. 23, 2011. SSRN Electronic Journal.
Tenbergen, Gilian; Wittfoth, Matthias et al. “The Neurobiology and Psychology of Pedophilia: Recent Advances and Challenges.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. Ju. 24, 2015.
Blake, P. Y.; Pincus, J.H.; Buckner, C. “Neurologic Abnormalities in Murderers.” Neurology Sept. 1, 1995.
Williams, W Huw; Chitsabesan, Prathiba et al. “Traumatic Brain Injury: A Potential Cause of Violent Crime?” The Lancet Psychiatry Feb. 26, 2018.
Carroll, Heather. “Serious Mental Illness and Homicide.” Treatment Advocacy Center. June 2016.
Dodd, Leann M.; Klos Kevin J. et al. “Pathological Gambling Caused by Drugs Used to Treat Parkinson Disease.” Archives of Neurology Sept. 2005.
Cilia, Roberto; Chiara Siri, et al. “Functional Abnormalities Underlying Pathological Gambling in Parkinson Disease.” Archives of Neurology Dec. 2008
Comings, David E. “The Molecular Genetics of Pathological Gambling.” CNS Spectrums Nov. 7, 2014.
Iglehart, John K. “Decriminalizing Mental Illness — the Miami Model.” New England Journal of Medicine May 5, 2016.
Glenn, Andrea L.; Raine, Adrian. “Neurocriminology: Implications for the Punishment, Prediction and Prevention of Criminal Behaviour.” Nature Reviews Neuroscience Dec. 11, 2013.
“How Much does it Cost to Incarcerate an Inmate?” Legislative Analyst’s Office, CA. Jan 2022.
Faith, God, and the Language Trap
Gaw, Albert C. “Religious Belief at the Level of the Brain.” The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Jul. 2019.
“Nucleus Accumbens.” Wikipedia.
Upson, Sandra. “Are Believers Really Happier Than Atheists?” Scientific American. May 1, 2012.
Geggel, Laura. “Why Are Atheists Generally Smarter than Religious People?” Livescience.com. Jun. 5, 2017.
The Creation of Religion
Begley, Sharon. “Religion and the Brain.” Newsweek. May 6, 2001.
Harris, Sam; Kaplan, Jonas T. et al “Correction: The Neural Correlates of Religious and Nonreligious Belief.” Jan 14, 2010.
Sandoiu, Ana. “What Religion Does to Your Brain.” Medical News Today, Jul.20, 2018.
Jastrzebski, Andrzej K. “The Neuroscience of Spirituality.” Pastoral PsychologySept. 2018.
Stecchini, Livio C. “The Gospel according to Seneca: A Tragedy in Five Acts.” Quest. 1987.
Hoffmann, Josef, R. “Celsus-On the True Doctrine: A Discourse against the Christians.” Oxford Univ. Press. 1987.
“The Bible”. History.com
“Authorship of the Bible.” Wikipedia.
“King James and Subsequent Versions.” Britannica.com
“Brothers of Jesus.” Wikipedia.
“Trying to Lose My Religion.” Discover magazine. Nov. 18, 2019.
Cambell, Troy; Friesen, Justin. “Why People “Fly from Facts.” Scientific American. Mar. 3, 2015.
“History of the Quran.” Wikipedia.
“Gabriel.” Wikipedia.
Weber, Max. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. (1904) Oxford Univ. Press 2010.
Stark, Rodney. “How Christianity (and Capitalism) Led to Science.” Historically Speaking Mar/Apr. 2006. 7 (4): 2–5.
Hoffer, Eric. The True Believer. (1951). Harper Collins. 2002.
Harari, Yuval N. Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow. Harper.2017.
Dawkins, Richard. The God Delusion. Bantam Press. 2006.
Pandey, Erika. “The World’s Departure from Organized religion.” Axios.com. Oct. 6, 2023.
Free Will and the Self
Nichols, Shaun. “Is Free Will an Illusion?” Scientific American. Nov.1, 2011.
Herwig, Uwe. “Me, Myself and I.” Scientific American. Jul. 1, 2010.
Lavazza, Andrea. “Free Will and Neuroscience: From Explaining Freedom Away to New Ways of Operationalizing and Measuring It.” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Jun.1, 2016
“Neuroscience of Free Will.” Wikipedia.
“Self.” Wikipedia.
Woźniak, Mateusz. “‘I’ and ‘Me’: The Self in the Context of Consciousness.” Frontiers in Psychology Sept. 4, 2018.
Jacob, François. The Possible and the Actual. Pantheon. 1982.
Coffey, Donavyn. 2011. “Does the Human Body Really Replace Itself Every 7 Years?” Live Science. Jul. 22, 2022.
Martone, Robert. “How Our Brain Preserves Our Sense of Self.” Scientific American. Dec. 21, 2021.
Goldman, Bruce. “Sense of Self: The Brain Structure that Holds the Key to ‘I’” Neurosciencenews.com. Jun. 22, 2023.
Strohminger, Nina; Nichols Shaun. “Neurodegeneration and Identity.” Psychological Science 26
Consciousness
“Claustrum.” Wikipedia.
Huang, Zirui; Zhang, Jun et al. “Temporal Circuit of Macroscale Dynamic Brain Activity Supports Human Consciousness.” Science Advances Mar. 11, 2020
Maillé Sébastien; Lynn, Michael. “Reconciling Current Theories of Consciousness.” The Journal of Neuroscience. Mar.4, 2020.
Smith, Kerri. “Brain Makes Decisions before You Even Know It.” Nature, Apr. 2008
“Default Mode Network.” Wikipedia.
Fallon, Francis. “Review of Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness.” Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Koch, Christof. “What Is Consciousness?” Scientific American. June 1, 2018.
Schneider, Susan. “Spacetime Emergence, Panpsychism and the Nature of Consciousness.” Scientific American Aug. 6, 2018.
Consciousness and the Quantum Universe
“What Is Quantum Physics?” Caltech Science Exchange. Accessed Dec. 2023.
“Quantum Fluctuation.” Wikipedia. Accessed Dec. 2023.
“Double-Slit Experiment.” Wikipedia.
Stuart, Colin. All About Space magazine. “10 Mind-Boggling Things You Should Know about Quantum Physics.” Space.com. May 28, 2021.
“Uncertainty Principle.” Wikipedia.
“Electromagnetic Theories of Consciousness.” Wikipedia.
“Schrödinger’s Cat.” Wikipedia.
Merali, Zeeya. “This Twist on Schrodinger’s Cat Paradox Has Major Implications for Quantum Theory.” Scientific American. Aug.17,2020.
“Von Neumann–Wigner Interpretation.” Wikipedia. Accessed Dec. 2023.
Ratner, Paul. “Why a “Genius” Scientist Thinks Our Consciousness Originates at the Quantum Level.” Big Think, Jan. 15, 2018.
Falk, Dan. “Is Consciousness part of the Fabric of the Universe?” Scientific American. Sept. 25, 2023.
Smith, Cristiane de Morais. “Can Consciousness Be Explained by Quantum Physics? My Research Takes Us a Step Closer to Finding Out.” The Conversation. Jul. 19, 2021.
Nauenberg, Michael. “Does Quantum Mechanics Require a Conscious Observer?” Journal of Cosmology 2011.
Hawking, Stephen. The Universe in a Nutshell. Bantam Presss. 2001.
Herbert, Nick. Quantum Reality. Doubleday. 1985.
“Wave–Particle Duality.” Wikipedia.
Solms, Mark. “The Hard Problem of Consciousness and the Free Energy Principle.” Frontiers in Psychology Jan. 30, 2019.
“Discovery of quantum vibrations in ‘microtubules’ inside brain neurons supports controversial theory of consciousness.” Jan. 16, 2014. Science News.
“Consciousness in the Universe: Neuroscience, Quantum Space-time Geometry, and Orch OR Theory.
Roger Penrose et al.” Cosmology of Consciousness: Quantum Physics and Neuroscience of Mind, 2009. Cosmology Science Publishers.
Stapp, H. “Quantum Theory and the Role of Mind in Nature”. Foundations of Physics. Oct. 2001.
“Libet’s Delay.” Oxford reference.
“Transcendental Apperception.” Wikipedia. Accessed Dec. 2023.
Ramachandran, V S. A Brief Tour of Human Consciousness
Consciousness as a Hologram
Talbot, Michael. The Holographic Universe. Harper Collins Publishers. 1991.
Woodford, Chris. 2008. “How Holograms Work.” Explain That Stuff. Mar. 27, 2022
Germine, Mark. “The Holographic Principle of Mind and the Evolution of Consciousness.” World Futures May 31, 2008
Time and Relativity
Geoghegan, Tom. “Turn Back the Clock.” BBC News Magazine, Aug. 2, 2007.
“Retrocausality How Backwards-In-Time Effects Could Explain Quantum Weirdness.” Research Outreach, Feb. 10, 2023. no. 134 https://doi.org/10.32907/ro-134-3974837224.
Lee, Soon-Tae; Chu, Kon et al. “Isolated and Prolonged Loss of Time Orientation.” Neurology 75. Sept. 21, 2010.
Kumral, E.; Gulluoglu, H; Dramali. B. “Thalamic Chronotaraxis: Isolated Time Disorientation.” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry.
Reddy, Leila; Zoefel, Benedikt et al. “Human Hippocampal Neurons Track Moments in a Sequence of Events.” Journal of Neuroscience Aug.
Robison, Esther. “Why Does Time Seem to Speed up with Age?” Scientific American. Jul.1, 2016.
“Theory of Relativity.” Wikipedia.
“Retrocausality.” Wikipedia.
Nehring, Sara M.; Spurling, Benjamin C; Kumar, Anil. “Transient Global Amnesia.” National Library of Medicine.
Hawking, Stephen; Mlodinow, Leonard. The Grand Design. Bantam Books. 2010.
Dickerson, Kelly; Musumeci, Natalie: “Here’s Why Astronauts Age Slower than the Rest of Us Here on Earth – Business Insider. Jan. 1, 2023.
Dossey, Larry. Space, Time, & Medicine. Shambhala Publications. 1982.
Darling, David. Deep Time. First Edition Design. 2013
Death and Near-Death
Greyson., Bruce. After: A Doctor Explores What Near-Death Experiences Reveal about Life and Beyond. Macmillan Publishers. Mar. 2021
Moody, Raymond A. Life after Life. Mockingbird Books. 1975
Vicente, Raul; Rizzuto, Michael, et al. “Enhanced Interplay of Neuronal Coherence and Coupling in the Dying Human Brain.” Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
Slawinski, Janusz. “Electromagnetic Radiation and the Afterlife.” Journal of Near-Death Studies. Dec. 1987.
Kastrup, Bernardo. “Self-Transcendence Correlates with Brain Function Impairment.” Journal of Cognition and Neuroethics 2017.
Parnia, Sam;, Keshavarz, Tara et al. “AWAreness during REsuscitation – II: A multi-center study of consciousness and awareness in cardiac arrest.” 2023 Resuscitation.
Borhjigin, Jimo; Lee, UnCheol, et al. “Surge of neurophysiological coherence and connectivity in the dying brain.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. Aug. 12, 2013.
Reality
Paulson, Steve; Hoffman, Donald D; O’Sullivan, Suzanne. “Reality Is Not as It Seems.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Sept. 6, 2019.
Wilson, Edward O. Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge. Vintage. 1999.
Brubaker, Ben. “How Bell’s Theorem Proved ‘Spooky Action at a Distance’ Is Real.” Quanta Magazine. Accessed Dec. 2023.
Wiseman, Howard. “Physics: Bell’s Theorem Still Reverberates”. Nature Jun. 19, 2014
Gleiser, Marcello; Adam, Frank. “The Story of our Universe May Be Starting to Unravel.” Sept 2, 2023. The New York Times.
Into the Abyss
Mosby, Albert. “100+ Shopping statistics 2024 (Worldwide Data).” Yaguara. co. July 13, 2024.
“Final recommendation statement: Anxiety Disorders in Adults: Screening 2023”. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.
“Global Report: 45% of People Have Not Felt True Happiness for More than Two Years.” Oracle.com. 2022.
Stahl, Chelsea. “IQ rates are dropping in many developed countries and that doesn’t bode well for humanity.” NBC Think. May 22, 2019.
Conaway, Will. “Council Post: Technology Is on the Rise, While IQ Is on the Decline.” Forbes. Apr. 29, 2020.
Teepe, Gisbert; Glase, Edda; reips, Ulf-Dietrich. “Increasing Digitalization Is Associated with Anxiety and Depression: A Google Ngram Analysis.” PLOSONE Apr. 7, 2023.
Paharia, Pooja Toshniwal. “Digitalization Is Increasing the Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Worldwide.” News Medical. Apr. 11, 2023.
“Mental Health.” Adolescent and School Health. Centers of Disease Control. Jun 2, 2023.
Dattani, Saloni; Rodés-Guiaro; Ritchie, Hannah et al. “Suicide.” Our World in Data.” Accessed Dec. 2023.
“Suicide in Children and Teens.” American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Jun. 2021.
Navarro, Rodrigo. “The Average Screen Time and Usage by Country.” ElectronicsHub. Apr. 18, 2023.
Boers, Elroy; Afzali, Mohammad, et al. “Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence.” Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics. Jul. 15, 2019
Carr, Nicholas G. The Shallows: How the Internet Is Changing the Way We Think, Read and Remember. W. Norton. 2011.
“Mobile internet usage worldwide – Statistics & Facts.” Dec. 18, 2023. Statista.
Alter, Adam L. Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked. Penguin Press. 2017
Manfred Spitzer. Digital Dementia. Droemer Knaur press. 2012.
Kemp, Simon. “Digital 2022: Global Overview Report.” DataReportal. Jan. 26, 2022
Moody, Rebecca. “Screen Time Statistics: Average Screen Time in US vs. the Rest of the World.” Comparitech. Mar. 21, 2022.
Twenge, Jean; Joiner, Thomas et al. “Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time.” Association for Psychological Science. 6. 1 Nov. 14, 2017.
Tweng Jean; Campbell Keith. “Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study.” Preventative Medicine Reports. Dec. 2018.
The Perfect Storm
Wilson, Timothy D., Reinhard, David, et al. “Just Think: The Challenges of the Disengaged Mind.” Science Jul. 4, 2014.
Social Media and Internet Surfing
List of Social Media Platforms with at least 100 Million Active Users. Wikipedia.
“Surgeon General Issues New Advisory About Effects Social Media Use Has on Youth Mental Health.” U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. 2023.
Reihm, Kira, Feder Kenneth, et al. “Associations Between Time Spent Using Social Media and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Among US Youth.” Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry.
Dean, Brian. “Social Network Usage & Growth Statistics: How Many People Use Social Media in 2024?” Backlinko. Dec. 19, 2023.
Waters, Jamie. Constant Craving: How Digital Media turned us all into Dopamine Addicts. The Guardian. Aug. 27, 2021.
Horwitz, Jeff. “The Facebook Files.” Wall Street Journal.
Shepardson, David. “Meta CEO Zuckerberg apologizes to parents at US Senate social media hearing.” Reuters. January 31, 2024. Accessed Feb.2024.
Hao, Karen. “He Got Facebook Hooked on AI. Now He Can’t Fix Its Misinformation Addiction.” MIT Technology Review. Mar. 11, 2021.
Anderson, M; Faverio, M; Gottfried, J. “Teens, Social Media and Technology, 2023.” Dec 11, 2023. Pew Research Center.
Cooper, Anderson. “What is Brain Hacking? Tech Insiders on Why You Should Care.” CBS News.com. April 9, 2017.
“The Influencer Report. Engaging Gen Z and Millennials.” Morning Consult. 2019
Suciu, Peter. “Social Media Increasingly Linked with Mass-Shootings.” Forbes. May 25, 2022
Let the Games Begin!
“Sports industry revenue worldwide in 2022 with a forecast for 2023 and 2027.” Statista.com
Mandal, Ananya. “Kids Spending Too Much Time Gaming.” News Medical, Jan. 20, 2020.
“Teens, Video Games and Civics.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. Sept. 16, 2008.
Euronews. “eSports: Could It Become More Popular than the Real Thing?,” Jun. 29, 2022.
“Esports Athletes At-Risk for Serious Injuries, Health Issues.” Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine. Accessed Dec. 2023.
Burke, Patrick. “Macron Believes Paris 2024 ‘Historic Opportunity’ for Esports in France.” Inside the Games. May 2, 2022.
Pietkiewicz, Igor J.; Nęcki, Szymon et al. “Maladaptive Daydreaming as a New Form of Behavioral Addiction.” Journal of Behavioral Addictions Sept. 1, 2018.
The Toxic Portal
“Tristan Harris: The Real Problem of Smart Phone Addiction Explained” Accessed Dec. 2023.
Twenge, Jean. “Have Smartphones destroyed a Generation?” The Atlantic. Sept. 2017
Ward, Adrian; Duke, Kristen et al. “Brain Drain: The Mere Presence of One’s Own Smartphone Reduces Available Cognitive Capacity.” Journal of the Association for Consumer Research. 2017.
Tanil, Clarissa; Hooi Young, Min. “Mobile phones: The effect of its presence on learning and memory“. Aug. 13, Plos One 2020
Haynes, Trevor. “Dopamine, Smartphones & You: A Battle for Your Time”. Harvard University Science in the News. May 1, 2018.
Lepp, Andrew; Barkley Jacob; Karpinski Aryn. “The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students.” Computers in Human Behavior, Feb. 2014.
“Rotary Phone Stumps Two Teenage Boys in Hilarious Bet.”
Barr, Nathaniel; Pennycook Gordon, et al “The brain in your pocket: Evidence that Smartphones are used to supplant thinking.” Computers in Human Behavior, Jul. 2015. 48. 473-480.
“Mobile Phone Use in Schools.” Wikipedia.
Lin, Helen Lee. “How Your Cell Phone Hurts Your Relationships.” Scientific American. Sept 4, 2012.
Treece, Dock. “Employees Waste an Hour a Day on Mobile Devices at Work Business News Daily.” Oct. 20, 2023.
Ra, Chaelin K.; Cho Junhan, et.al. “Association of Digital Media Use With Subsequent Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents.” Journal of the American Medical Association. Jul. 17,2018
Guyon, Peter W; Corroon, Jamie, et al “Hold the Phone! Cell Phone-Related Injuries in Children, Teens, and Young Adults Are on the Rise.” Global Pediatric Health Oct. 28, 2020.
Price, Catherine. “Putting down Your Phone May Help You Live Longer.” The New York Times, Apr. 24, 2019.
Lawson, Dakota; Henderson, Bruce B. “The Costs of Texting in the Classroom.” College Teaching Jun. 16, 2015.
Beland, Louis-Philippe; Murphy Richard. “Communication: Technology, Distraction, and Student Performance.” Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics
Wacks, Yehuda; Weinstein, Aviv. “Excessive Smartphone Use Is Associated with Health Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults.” Frontiers of Neuroscience. May. 2021
“Handheld screen time linked with speech delays in young children.” Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting. May 6, 2017.
Friedman, Delisa; Shannon, Noah. “Teens Would Rather Break Their Bones than Lose Their Phones.” Business Insider. May 6, 2021.
Fahmy, Miral. “People Would Rather Lose Wallet than Cellphone,” Reuters, Sept. 4, 2009.
“Nomophobia: The Irrational Fear of being without a mobile phone.” Iberdrola.com. Accessed Dec. 2023.
Vadukul, Alex. “‘Luddite’ Teens Don’t Want Your Likes.” The New York Times, Dec. 15, 2022
Henley, John. “Smartphones and the Rise of Childhood Accidents.” The Guardian. Jun. 18, 2013.
Germino, Elizabeth. “As Back-To-School Time Approaches, the Fight over Cellphones in the Classroom Continues.” CBS News. Aug. 2, 2022.
Badger, Emily; Blatt, Ben; Katz, Josh. “Why So Many Pedestrians in the US are Dying at Night”. Dec. 11, 2023. New York Times.
Ye Ziliang; Zhang Yanjun et al. “Mobile phone calls, genetic susceptibility, and new-onset hypertension: results from 212 046 UK Biobank participants. “European Heart Journal – Digital Health, May, 2023.
The Destruction of our Youth and Parenting
English, Georgie. “Pool Evicts Parents” The Sun, Aug. 3, 2024.
“The Deteriorating Social Self in Younger Generations”. Mental Health Million Project. Sapien Labs. May 2022.
Zaki, Jamil. “What, Me Care? Young Are Less Empathetic” Scientific American. Jan 1, 2011.
Satariano, Adam. “British Ruling Pins Blame on Social Media for Teenager’s Suicide.” The New York Times, Oct. 1, 2022.
Barry, Ellen; Newman, Brittany. “Summer Camp: Sun, Swimming, Archery And Therapy.” The New York Times, Aug. 6, 2023.
“Media and Young Minds.” American Academy of Pediatrics 2016.
Haidt, Jonathan. The Anxious Generation – How the Great Rewiring of Childhood is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness. Penguin Press. 2024
“Monitoring the Future Study.” Monitoring the Future Study.
“Age of First Smartphone/Tablet and Mental Wellbeing Outcomes.” Sapien labs. May 15, 2023.
“To Grow up Healthy, Children Need to Sit Less and Play More.” World Health Organization. Apr. 24, 2019.
“Global Education Monitoring Report 2023 Technology in Education”. UNESCO.
“Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act.” Wikipedia.
Murthy, Vivek, “Surgeon General: Why I’m Calling for a Warning Label on Social Media Platforms.”. The New York Times. June 17, 2024.
Takeuchi, H; Taki, Y. et al. “Impact of Videogame Play on the Brain’s Microstructural Properties: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses.” Molecular Psychiatry 2016.
He, Qinghua; Bechara, Antoine. “Brain Anatomy Alterations Associated with Social Networking Site (SNS) Addiction.” Scientific Reports Mar. 23, 2007.
Hutton, John S.; Dudley, Jonathan, et al. “Associations between Screen-Based Media Use and Brain White Matter Integrity in Preschool-Aged Children.” JAMA Pediatrics Nov. 4, 2019.
Reed, Jessa; Hirsch-Passek, Kathy. “Learning on hold: Cell phones sidetrack parent-child interactions.” Developmental Psychology, 2017.
Fung, Brian. “Dozens of states sue Instagram-parent Meta over ‘addictive’ features and youth mental health harms.” CNN. Oct. 24, 2023.
Anubhuti, Matta. “German Kids Are Protesting Their Parents’ Smartphone Use”. Sept. 19, 2018. The Swaddle.
Royle, Orianna R. “Bosses are firing Gen Z grads just months after hiring them—here’s what they say needs to change.” Fortune. Sept. 26, 2024.
DYSTOPIA
Dystopia
Albert Einstein quotes. Accessed Dec. 2023.
Adams, Tim. “Nick Bostrom: ‘We Are like Small Children Playing with a Bomb.” The Guardian. Jun. 12, 2016.
Weaver, Donald. “Disruptive technology disorder: A past, present, and future neurologic syndrome.” Neurology. Jul 25, 2017.
Digital Globalization and Centralization of Control
Zuboff, Shoshana. “You Are Now Remotely Controlled.” The New York Times, Jan. 24, 2020.
“Surveillance Giants: How the Business Model of Google and Facebook Threatens Human Rights.” Nov. 21, 2019. Amnesty International Ltd.
Robins-Early, Nick. “A US judge ruled that Google built an illegal monopoly. What happens next?” The Guardian. Aug. 6, 2024.
“Facebook and Google’s Pervasive Surveillance of Billions of People Is a Systemic Threat to Human Rights.” Nov. 21, 2019. Amnesty International.
Stoller, Matt. “Game over for the Monopolists?” Eurozine, Feb. 27, 2020.
Bose, Shruti. “Facebook Acquisitions – the Complete List (2022)” Techwyse.com. Feb. 17, 2022.
Lohr, Steve. “When Computers Go Dark.” The New York Times. Sept. 25, 2024
Howley, Daniel; Werschkul, Ben. “Biden Asks CEOs for Help on Cybersecurity: ‘We Can’t Meet This Challenge Alone.’” Yahoo!Finance, Aug. 25, 2021.
Singer, Natasha. “Education disrupted – Silicon Valley Billionaires Remaking America’s Schools.” New York Times. Jun. 6, 2017.
The Dismantling of Truth and Trust
Cox, Daniel; Eyre Hammond, Kelsey; Gray, Kyle. “Generation Z and the Transformation of American Adolescence: How Gen Z’s Formative Experiences Shape Its Politics, Priorities, and Future.” American enterprise Institute. Nov 9, 2023.
Brooks, David. “The Problem with Wokeness.” New York Times. Jun. 7, 2018.
“Word of the Year 2016.” Oxford Languages.
Seidman, Dov. How: Why HOW We Do Anything Means everything. Wiley. Sept. 2011
Kakutani, Michiko. The Death of Truth. William Collins Publishers. 2018
Kessler, Glen; Kelly, Meg et al. “In four years, President Trump made 30,573 false or misleading claims.” The Washington Post. Updated Jan 20,
Briggs, Ellyn. “Gen Zers Still Really Want to Be Influencers.” Morning consult pro. Oct. 4,2023.
Lorenz, Konrad. “Wir Werden von Steinzeitmenschen Regiert.” Der Spiegel. Nov. 6, 1988.
Dawkins, Richard; Somerscales, Gillian. “Science in the Soul. Selected Writings of a Passionate Rationalist.” Bantam Press. 2017.
Sheffer, Marten; Van de Leemput, Ingrid et al. “The Rise and fall of Rationality in Language.” Psychological and Cognitive Sciences. Dec.16, 2021.
Dismantling Democracy
Wolf, Martin. The Crisis of Democratic Capitalism. Penguin Random House. 2023.
Papada, Evie; Angiolillo, Fabio et al. “Democracy Report 2023”. Varieties of Democracy. University of Gothenburg: V-Dem Institute.
“Global State of Democracy Report 2022: Forging Social Contracts in a Time of Discontent.” Global state of Democracy Initiative.
Solijonov. Abdurashid. “Voter Turnout Trends Around the World” International IDEA 2016.
Dekkers, Nelleke. “Study: 2022 sixth year of more democratic decline than progress globally.” Nov. 10, 2023. Democracy Without Borders.
Koerth, Maggie. “How Money Affects Elections” FiveThiryEight. Sept. 10, 2018
Canto, Maria. “Far-right violence and terrorism – May 2024.” OIET
“Frances Haugen: ‘Facebook’s products harm children, stoke division, weaken our democracy.’”The New York Times. Oct 25,2021. Accessed Feb. 2024
The Erosion of Government
Coulthard, Tim. “The Essential Guide to Data-Driven Government.” Mar. 1, 2022
Kehoe, Stephen. “Trust in Government: A Stark Divide.” Edelman. 2023.
“Public Trust in Government 1958-2023.” Pew Research Center. Sept. 19, 2023.
The Collapse of Hierarchies
“Human Brain Appears “Hard-Wired” for Hierarchy.” Apr. 23, 2008. National Institutes of Health.
O’Connell, Graham. “The death of hierarchy.” The Guardian. Mar. 23, 2010.
Bell, Daniel; Pei, Wang. “Just Hierarchy: Why Social Hierarchies Matter in China and the Rest of the World” Princeton University Press. 2020.
Homogeneity
Isern, Neus; Fort, Joaquim. “Language extinction and Linguistic Fronts.” Journal of The roay society Interface. May 6, 2014.
“Rowan Atkinson on Free Speech.” Youtube. The Christian Institute.
“Colosseum.” Wikipedia.
“Money in sports: How it All Works.” Money Masters. Apr. 4,2022.
“Sports industry revenue worldwide in 2022 with a forecast for 2023 and 2027. Statista.com Accessed Jan. 2024.
Michaelson, Ruth. “Revealed: Saudi Arabia’s $6bn spend on ‘sportwashing’.” The Guardian. July 26, 2023.
“Capital Punishment in Saudi Arabia.” Wikipedia. Accessed Dec. 2023.
Kiniulis, Karolis. “How Many Selfies Are Taken a Day in 2023? Selfie Stats.” Eksposure. Sept. 29, 2023.
Lopez, German. “Big Business Gets Bigger.” The New York Times, Jul. 21, 2023
Brooks, David. “Hey America, Grow up!” The New York Times. Aug. 10, 2023.
Perotta, Giulio. “Massive use of tattoos and psychopathological clinical evidence.” Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health. June 7, 2021.
Pandey, Neerja. “A Comparative Study of Mental Health Issues among Tattooed and Non-tattooed Young Adults.” Mind and Society 12(10):61-66. May 2023
Ants
Walker, Matt. “Ant Mega-Colony Takes over World.” BBC Earth News. Aug. 1, 2023
Fraga, Juli. “Here’s How Living in a City Can Mess with Your Mental Health. Healthline Media. Feb. 26, 2019.
Galea, Sandro. “Shaping the Urban Brain.” Scientific American. Mar. 1, 2017.
“Just 8 Men Own Same Wealth as Half the World.” Oxfam in Cambodia. Jan. 16, 2017.
West, Geoffrey B. Scale: The Universal Laws of Growth, Innovation, Sustainability, and the Pace of Life in Organisms, Cities, Economies, and Companies. Penguin Press. 2017.
“Three Degrees of Influence.” Wikipedia.
Artificial Intelligence
Duffy, Clare; Maruf Ramishah. “Elon Musk Warns AI Could Cause ‘Civilization Destruction’ Even as He Invests in It” CNN Business. Apr.17, 2023.
Kharpal, Arjun. “Stephen Hawking Says A.I. Could Be ‘Worst Event in the History of Our Civilization.’” CNBC. Nov. 6, 2017.
“Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter.” Future of Life Institute. Mar. 22, 2023.
Schmitt, Angie. “All the Bad Things about Uber and Lyft in One Simple List”. Streetblog USA. Feb. 4, 2019.
“Erik Hoel on the Threat to Humanity from AI.” Econtalk.org. Apr. 2023.
“What happened to the artificial-intelligence revolution?” The Economist. July 2024
Metz, Cade. “The ’Godfather of AI leaves Google and warns of Danger Ahead.” May 1, 2023. The New York Times.
“Existential risk from artificial general intelligence.” Wikipedia.
Abdeila, A. “Computers vs. Human Brain – Who‘s Winning? Part 2.” Oct. 19, 2023
Kolbert, Elizabeth. “The Obscene Energy Demands of AI” The New Yorker. March 9, 2024.
“Electricity 2024.” IEA Org.
“How to Manage AI‘s energy demand – today, tomorrow and in the future.“ World Economic Forum. April 25, 2024.
Michel, Arthur Holland. “Recalibrating assumptions on AI” Chatham House. April 12, 2023.
Hacking the Mind
Hond, Paul. “The Need to Protect the Data in Our Brains.” Columbia magazine.
“The Neurorights Legislation in Chile.” Centre for Research in International Law. Oct. 10, 2021.
Farahany, Nita. “Wearable Brain Devices Will Challenge our Privacy.” Scientific American. Mar. 22, 2023.
Armstrong, Blair; Ruiz-Blondet, Maria et al. “Brainprint: Assessing the uniqueness, collectability, and permanence of a novel method for ERP biometrics.” Neurocomputing.
Singularity
Cavanagh, Kamino. “New Tech, New Threats, and New Governance Challenges: An Opportunity to Craft Smarter Responses?” Carnegie endowment for International Peace. Aug. 28, 2019.
World Economic Forum. “Global Risks Report 2024.” Jan 10, 2024.
Reality Distortion
“Hyperreality.” Wikipedia.
SWNSdigital. “40% of Americans would have Sex with a Robot, Study Finds.” Sept 6, 2021.
Sim, David. “Revealed: The intense relationships Japanese men have with their silicone sex doll girlfriends.” International Business Times. Mar. 7, 2017.
“How Humans get Hacked: Yuval Noah Harari and Tristan Harris Talk with WIRED.”
Holland, Oscar. “My big fat digital wedding: Couple plan India’s ‘first metaverse marriage.’” Jan. 24, 2022. CNN.
Devolution
Crabtree, Gerald. “Our Fragile Intellect Part 1. Trends in Genetics.” Cell.
Hutton, John S; Dudley Jonathan, et al. “Associations Between Screen-Based Media Use and Brain White Matter Integrity in Preschool-Aged Children.”
Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics. Nov. 4, 2019. 2020.174(1)
Horowitz-Kraus, Hutton John. “Brain connectivity in children is increased by the time they spend reading books and decreased by the length of exposure to
screen-based media. “Acta Paediatrica. Dec. 7, 2017.
Dunckley, Victoria. “Gray Matters: Too Much Screen Time Damages the Brain.” Psychology Today. Feb. 27, 2014.
McKinlay, Roger. “Technology: Use or lose our navigation skills.” Nature. Mar. 30, 2016.
Woolett Katherine; Maguire Eleanor. “Acquiring ‘the Knowledge’ of London’s Layout Drives Structural Brain Changes.” Current Biology. Dec. 8, 2011.
Campbell, Shane; Almond Brian et al. Science. “Ivory poaching and the rapid evolution of tusklessness in African elephants.” Oct. 21, 2021.
Takahashi, Ippei; Obara, Taku et al. Aug. 21, 2023. “Screen Time at Age 1 Year and Communication and Problem-Solving Developmental Delay at 2 and 4 Years. “JAMA Pediatr. Aug. 21, 2023
Law, Evelyn; Han, Meredith, et al. “Associations Between Infant Screen Use, Electroencephalography Markers, and Cognitive Outcomes.” JAMA Pediatr.
The Fermi Paradox
“Fermi Paradox.” Wikipedia. Accessed Dec. 2023.
Perspective and Final Thoughts
“Global Protest tracker.” Carnegie endowment for International Peace. Accessed Dec. 2023.
Blount, Sally. “How the Wormhole Decade (2000–2010) Changed the World.” Kellogg Insight. Apr. 7, 2016.
Solis, Brian. “The Death of Social Reciprocity in the Era of Digital Distraction.” Scientific American. Aug. 8, 2019.
Dennett, Daniel. From Bacteria to Bach and Back: The Evolution of Minds. W.W.Norton. 2017.