Zdroje:

Organizace/vyjádření/statistika/zákony

  • Odborníci radí ne dříve než 10 let

Mobilní tel a mládež

Mobil tel. a školství

Dopady na společnost

Sociální sítě

Čtení z papíru je lepší než z počítače 

 Dril a biflování dětem škodí

Význam mimoškolních aktivit

Různé

ZDROJE V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE:

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY USAGE: FACTS AND STATISTICS

Kemp, Simon. “Digital 2022: Global Overview Report.” DataReportal. Jan. 26, 2022. https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-global-overview-report

Navarro, Rodrigo. “The Average Screen Time and Usage by Country.” ElectronicsHub. Apr. 18, 2023. https://www.electronicshub.org/the-average-screen-time-and-usage-by-country/

Among others – excellent source for all: “Mobile internet usage worldwide – Statistics & Facts.“ Dec. 18, 2023. Statista.com https://www.statista.com/topics/779/mobile-internet/#dossier-chapter4

Moody, Rebecca. “Screen Time Statistics: Average Screen Time in US vs. the Rest of the World.” Comparitech. Mar. 21, 2022. https://www.comparitech.com/tv-streaming/screen-time-statistics/

Dean, Brian. “Social Network Usage & Growth Statistics: How Many People Use Social Media in 2024?” Backlinko. Dec. 19, 2023. https://backlinko.com/social-media-users

List of Social Media Platforms with at least 100 Million Active Users. Wikipedia. www.wikipedia.orghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_platforms_with_at_least_100_million_active_users.   

“Mobile Phone Use in Schools.” Wikipediahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_use_in_schools

Howard, Jacqueline. “When Kids get Their First Cellphone Around the World.” CNN.  Dec. 11, 2017. https://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/11/health/cell-phones-for-kids-parenting-without-borders-explainer-intl/index.html

Metz, Cade. “Why Does Open AI Need So Much Money?”  New York Times.  Dec. 17,2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/17/technology/openai-chatgpt-funding.html

TECHNOLOGY ADDICTION

Sheiber, Jonathan. “Meet the tech company that wants to make you even more addicted to your phone.”  Techcrunch.com  Sept 8, 2017.  https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/08/meet-the-tech-company-that-wants-to-make-you-even-more-addicted-to-your-phone/

Goldman, Bruce. “Addictive potential of social media explained.” Stanford Medicine. Oct. 29, 2021. https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2021/10/29/addictive-potential-of-social-media-explained/  

Cooper, Anderson. “What is Brain Hacking? Tech Insiders on Why You Should Care.” CBS News.com.  April 9, 2017. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/brain-hacking-tech-insiders-60-minutes/

Alter, Adam L. “Irresistible: The Rise of Addictive Technology and the Business of Keeping Us Hooked.” Penguin Press. 2017

Addad, Boussad. “Digital Heroin. The Magic Secrets Behind Screen Addiction.” Kindle. Feb 13, 2023

Waters, Jamie. Constant Craving: How Digital Media turned us all into Dopamine Addicts. The Guardian. Aug. 27, 2021. https://www.theguardian.com/global/2021/aug/22/how-digital-media-turned-us-all-into-dopamine-addicts-and-what-we-can-do-to-break-the-cycle

Horwitz, Jeff. “The Facebook Files.” Wall Street Journal.  https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-facebook-files-11631713039.  

Hao, Karen. “He Got Facebook Hooked on AI. Now He Can’t Fix Its Misinformation Addiction.” MIT Technology Review. Mar. 11, 2021.  https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/03/11/1020600/facebook-responsible-ai-misinformation/.

“Tristan Harris: The Real Problem of Smart Phone Addiction Explained”  Accessed Dec. 2023. https://bagby.co/blogs/digital-wellbeing-pills/the-real-problem-of-humanity-tristan-harris

Pietkiewicz, Igor J.; Nęcki, Szymon et al. “Maladaptive Daydreaming as a New Form of Behavioral Addiction.” Journal of Behavioral Addictions Sept. 1, 2018. 7 (3): 838–43. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.95

STUDIES OF DIRECT NEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY

Weinstein, Aviv M. “An Update Overview on Brain Imaging Studies in Internet Gaming Disorder.” Frontiers of Psychiatry. Sept 29, 2017. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5626837/

Schmitgen, Mike M. Horvath, J. et al. “Neural correlates of cue reactivity in individuals with smartphone addiction.” Addictive Behaviors. Vol 108. Sept, 2020. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460320300435?via%3Dihub

Henemann, Gudrun, M. Schmitgen, Mike M et al. “Cognitive domain-independent aberrant frontoparietal network strength in individuals with excessive smartphone use.” Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. Vol 329, March 2023.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0925492723000033?via%3Dihub

Takeuchi, H; Taki, Y et al. “Impact of Videogame Play on the Brain’s Microstructural Properties: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses.” Molecular Psychiatry 2016. 21 (12): 1781–89. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2015.193

He, Qinghua; Bechara, Antoine. “Brain Anatomy Alterations Associated with Social Networking Site (SNS) Addiction.” Scientific Reports Mar. 23, 2007. 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45064

Hutton, John S.; Dudley, Jonathan, et al. “Associations between Screen-Based Media Use and Brain White Matter Integrity in Preschool-Aged Children.” JAMA Pediatrics Nov. 4, 2019. 174 (1): e193869. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.3869

Weaver, Donald. “Disruptive technology disorder: A past, present, and future neurologic syndrome.” Neurology. Jul 25, 2017. 89(4):395-398. Accessed via https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28739662/ 

Horowitz-Kraus, Hutton John. “Brain connectivity in children is increased by the time they spend reading books and decreased by the length of exposure to screen-based media. “Acta Paediatrica. Dec. 7, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14176  

Dunckley, Victoria. “Gray Matters: Too Much Screen Time Damages the Brain.”  Psychology Today. Feb. 27, 2014. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mental-wealth/201402/gray-matters-too-much-screen-time-damages-the-brain

McKinlay, Roger. “Technology: Use or lose our navigation skills.” Nature. Mar. 30, 2016. 531, 573–575 https://doi.org/10.1038/531573a

Takahashi, Ippei; Obara, Taku et al. Aug. 21, 2023. “Screen Time at Age 1 Year and Communication and Problem-Solving Developmental Delay at 2 and 4 Years. “JAMA Pediatr. Aug. 21, 2023;177(10):1039-1046. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2808593

Law, Evelyn; Han, Meredith, et al. “Associations Between Infant Screen Use, Electroencephalography Markers, and Cognitive Outcomes.” JAMA Pediatr. Jan. 30,2023;177(3):311-318. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2800776

Hutton, John S; Dudley Jonathan, et al. “Associations Between Screen-Based Media Use and Brain White Matter Integrity in Preschool-Aged Children.”  Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics. Nov. 4, 2019. 2020.174(1)e:193869 https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2754101

“Handheld screen time linked with speech delays in young children.” Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting. May 6, 2017.  https://www.pas-meeting.org/wp-content/uploads/PAS-2698024-Birken-Ma-Screens-Speech-Delays-PAS-17-FINAL.pdf  

Takuya, Keita; Ibaraki takuya, et al “Notebooks vs. Mobile Devices: Brain Activation Differences During Memory Retrieval.“ Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. Mar. 19, 2021. 15: 634158. https://doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.634158

Small, Gary. Moody, Teena et al. “Your brain on Google: patterns of cerebral activation during internet searching.” American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.  Feb. 2009; 17(2): 116-26. 

Romm, Cari. “Using Google Maps Too Much Really Does Mess With Your Sense of Direction.” Jan 10, 2017.  New York magazine. https://www.thecut.com/2017/01/using-gps-really-does-mess-with-your-sense-of-direction.html 

Roger McKinlay ”Technology: Use or lose our navigation skills.” 30 March 2016 Nature volume 531, pages 573–575 https://doi.org/10.1038/531573a

Woolett Katherine, Maguire Eleanor.  “Acquiring ‘the Knowledge’’ of London’s Layout Drives Structural Brain Changes.” Current Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.018  

“Smartphone addiction creates imbalance in brain, study suggests.” Science Daily. Nov 30, 2017.  https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171130090041.htm

“Internet Addiction Disorder’: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.” Psychiatry Research 203, no. 2–3 (September 2012): 153–158. https://doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.02.001.

Dong, Guangheng, Yanbo Hu, et al. “Reward/Punishment Sensitivities Among Internet Addicts: Implications for Their Addictive Behaviors.” Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry46 (October 2013): 139–145. https://doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.07.007.

Han, Doug Hyun, Nicolas Bolo, et al. “Brain Activity and Desire for Internet Video Game Play.” Comprehensive Psychiatry 52, no. 1 (January 2011): 88–95. https://doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.04.004.

Hong, Soon-Beom, Jae-Won Kim, et al. “Reduced Orbitofrontal Cortical Thickness in Male Adolescents with Internet Addiction.” Behavioral and Brain Functions 9, no. 1 (2013): 11. https://doi:10.1186/1744-9081-9-11.

Hong, Soon-Beom, Andrew Zalesky, et al. “Decreased Functional Brain Connectivity in Adolescents with Internet Addiction.” Edited by Xi-Nian Zuo. PLoS ONE 8, no. 2 (February 25, 2013): e57831. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057831.

Hou, Haifeng, Shaowe Jia, et al. “Reduced Striatal Dopamine Transporters in People with Internet Addiction Disorder.” Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology 2012 (2012): 854524. https://doi:10.1155/2012/854524.

Kim, Sang Hee, Sang-Hyun Baik, et al “Reduced Striatal Dopamine D2 Receptors in People with Internet Addiction.” Neuroreport 22, no. 8 (June 11, 2011): 407–411. https://doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e328346e16e.

Ko, Chih-Hung, Gin-Chung Liu, et al “Brain Activities Associated with Gaming Urge of Online Gaming Addiction.” Journal of Psychiatric Research 43, no. 7 (April 2009): 739–747. https://doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.09.012.

Kühn, S. Romanowski, A. et al. “The Neural Basis of Video Gaming.” Translational Psychiatry 1 (2011): e53. https://doi:10.1038/tp.2011.53.

Lin, Fuchun, Yan Zhou, et al “Abnormal White Matter Integrity in Adolescents with Internet Addiction Disorder: A Tract-Based Spatial Statistics Study.” PloS One 7, no. 1 (2012): e30253. https://doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030253.

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON SOCIETY

Cheng, Brian. “How Tech Created a ‘Recipe for Loneliness’.” New York Times.  Nov 10, 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/11/10/technology/personaltech/technology-loneliness.html

Haidt, Jonathan. Johnson, Will. “Gen Z Has Regrets.” The New York Times. Sept 17, 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/17/opinion/social-media-smartphones-harm-regret.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare   (Excellent summary including use surveys and citations)

Royle, Orianna R. “Bosses are firing Gen Z grads just months after hiring them—here’s what they say needs to change.” Fortune. Sept. 26, 2024. 

https://fortune.com/2024/09/26/bosses-firing-gen-z-grads-months-after-hiring

Horowitch, Rose. The Elite College Students Who Can’t Read Books. The Atlantic. Oct 1, 2024  https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2024/11/the-elite-college-students-who-cant-read-books/679945/

Brucks, M.S., Levav, J. Virtual communication curbs creative idea generation. Nature 605, 108–112 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04643-y

Manfred Spitzer. “Digital Dementia.” Droemer Knaur press. 2012. 

Dattani, Saloni; Rodés-Guiaro et al. “Suicide.” Our World in Data.”  https://ourworldindata.org/suicide.  Accessed Dec. 2023.

“Global Report: 45% of People Have Not Felt True Happiness for More than Two Years.”  Oracle.com. 2022. https://www.oracle.com/news/announcement/oracle-cx-happiness-research-study-2022-06-15/.

Stahl, Chelsea. “IQ rates are dropping in many developed countries and that doesn’t bode well for humanity.” NBC Think. May 22, 2019.https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/iq-rates-are-dropping-many-developed-countries-doesn-t-bode-ncna1008576

Wilson, Timothy D., Reinhard, David, et al. “Just Think: The Challenges of the Disengaged Mind.” Science Jul. 4, 2014. 345 (6192): 75–77. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1250830.  

Conaway, Will. “Council Post: Technology Is on the Rise, While IQ Is on the Decline.” Forbes. Apr. 29, 2020.  https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2020/04/29/technology-is-on-the-rise-while-iq-is-on-the-decline/ 

Teepe, Gisbert; Glase, Edda; reips, Ulf-Dietrich. “Increasing Digitalization Is Associated with Anxiety and Depression: A Google Ngram Analysis.” PLOS ONE Apr. 7, 2023. 18 (4): e0284091. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284091

Paharia, Pooja Toshniwal. “Digitalization Is Increasing the Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Worldwide.” News Medical. Apr. 11, 2023. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230411/Digitalization-is-increasing-the-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide.aspx.

Carr, Nicholas G. “The Shallows: How the Internet Is Changing the Way We Think, Read and Remember.” W. Norton. 2011.

“The Influencer Report. Engaging Gen Z and Millennials.” Morning Consult. 2019

https://morningconsult.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/The-Influencer-Report-Engaging-Gen-Z-and-Millennials.pdf

Zuboff, Shoshana. “You Are Now Remotely Controlled.” The New York Times, Jan. 24, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/24/opinion/sunday/surveillance-capitalism.html

“How Humans get Hacked: Yuval Noah Harari and Tristan Harris Talk with WIRED.” https://www.wired.com/video/watch/yuval-harari-tristan-harris-humans-get-hacked.%20Accessed%2027%20January%202022

Beland, Louis-Philippe; Murphy Richard. “Communication: Technology, Distraction, and Student Performance.” Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics. https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1350.pdf. May 2015.

“Highlights from the global tech outage: Airlines, businesses and border crossings hit by global tech disruption.” AP News. July 19, 2024.https://apnews.com/live/internet-global-outage-crowdstrike-microsoft-downtime 

Lohr, Steve. “When Computers Go Dark.” The New York Times. Sept. 25, 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/25/briefing/crowdstrike-technology-security.html#:~:text=Two%20months%20ago%2C%20what%20should,lines%20couldn’t%20dispatch%20help.

Perotta, Giulio. “Massive use of tattoos and psychopathological clinical evidence.” Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health. June 7, 2021.  https://www.healthdisgroup.us/articles/ACMPH-7-244.php#:~:text=In%20particular%2C%20the%20recurrent%20dysfunctional,26%25%20of%20the%20body%20surface

Pandey, Neerja. “A Comparative Study of Mental Health Issues among Tattooed and Non-tattooed Young Adults.” Mind and Society 12(10):61-66. May 2023. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/370486230_A_Comparative_Study_of_Mental_Health_Issues_among_Tattooed_and_Non-tattooed_Young_Adults

Warzel, Charlie. “I’m Running out of ways to express how bad this is.”  The Atlantic. Oct 10, 2024

https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2024/10/hurricane-milton-conspiracies-misinformation/680221/?utm_medium=cr&utm_source=email&utm_campaign=10_16_2024_tta_warzel_15_day_engaged_prospects_large_cta_subscribe_vs_trial_50_50_a&utm_content=A&utm_term=prospects_15_day_engagement

Haidt, J; Johnson, W. “Gen Z Has Regrets.” The New York Times. Sept 17, 2024 https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/17/opinion/social-media-smartphones-harm-regret.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare

Royle, Oriana. “Gen Z voters lack the basic skill of signing their names and it’s thrown vote counting into chaos, election official says.” Fortune. Nov. 7, 2024. https://fortune.com/2024/11/07/gen-z-voters-basic-skill-signing-names-vote-counting-chaos-election-official/

Satarino, Adam; Bryson Taylor, Derrick.  Live Updates: Global Tech Outage Grounds Flights and Hits Businesses. New York Times. July 19,2024.  https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/07/19/business/global-tech-outage

Lorenz-Spreen, Phillip; Oswald, Lisa et al. „A Systematic Review of Worldwide Causal and Correlational Evidence on Digital Media and Democracy.“ Nature Human Behavior. Nov 7, 2022. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01460-1

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND MENTAL HEALTH IN CHILDREN AND TEENS

Twenge, Jean. “Yes, We do know that digital media isn’t safe for kids.” AfterBabel.com. June 12, 2023. https://www.afterbabel.com/p/social-media-not-safe-kids (Website has references to studies).

Royle, Orianna R. “Bosses are firing Gen Z grads just months after hiring them—here’s what they say needs to change.” Fortune. Sept. 26, 2024. 

https://fortune.com/2024/09/26/bosses-firing-gen-z-grads-months-after-hiring

Barry, Ellen; Newman, Brittany. “Summer Camp: Sun, Swimming, Archery. And Therapy.” The New York Times, Aug. 6, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/06/health/summer-camp-mental-health.html

“The Deteriorating Social Self in Younger Generations”. Mental Health Million Project. Sapien Labs.  May 2022.  https://sapienlabs.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Rapid-Report-The-Deteriorating-Social-Self-in-Younger-Generations.pdf

Zaki, Jamil. “What, Me Care? Young Are Less Empathetic” Scientific American. Jan 1, 2011. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-me-care/

Haidt, Jonathan. “The Anxious Generation – How the Great Rewiring of Childhood is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness.”  Penguin Press. 2024. 

Boers, Elroy; Afzali, Mohammad, et al. “Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence.” Journal of the American Medical Association Pediatrics. Jul. 15,2019;173(9):853-859. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/2737909

Reihm, Kira, Feder Kenneth, et al. “Associations Between Time Spent Using Social Media and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems Among US Youth.”  Journal of the American Medical Association Psychiatry. Sept. 11,2019;76(12):1266-1273. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2749480

“Suicide in Children and Teens.” American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Jun. 2021. https://www.aacap.org/aacap/families_and_youth/facts_for_families/fff-guide/teen-suicide-010.aspx

Twenge, Jean; Joiner, Thomas et al. “Increases in Depressive Symptoms, Suicide-Related 

Outcomes, and Suicide Rates Among U.S. Adolescents After 2010 and Links to Increased New Media Screen Time.”  Association for Psychological Science. 6. 1 Nov. 14, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167702617723376

Tweng Jean; Campbell Keith. “Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study.” Preventative Medicine Reports. Dec. 2018. 271.283.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.003

Ra, Chaelin K.; Cho Junhan, et.al.  “Association of Digital Media Use With Subsequent Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Adolescents.” Journal of the American Medical Association. Jul. 17,2018;320(3):255-263. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2687861

Anderson, M; Faverio,M; Gottfried, J. “Teens, Social Media and Technology, 2023.” Dec 11, 2023. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2023/12/11/teens-social-media-and-technology-2023/

Beland, Louis-Philippe; Murphy Richard. “Communication: Technology, Distraction, and Student Performance.” Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics. https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/dp1350.pdf. May 2015.

“Handheld screen time linked with speech delays in young children.” Pediatric Academic Societies Meeting. May 6, 2017.  https://www.pas-meeting.org/wp-content/uploads/PAS-2698024-Birken-Ma-Screens-Speech-Delays-PAS-17-FINAL.pdf  

Vadukul, Alex. “‘Luddite’ Teens Don’t Want Your Likes.” The New York Times, Dec. 15, 2022, sec. Style. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/15/style/teens-social-media.html

Why European Countries Are Giving Teens Free Money to Spend on Books, Music, and Theater. 

https://time.com/6236940/europe-germany-youth-culture-pass

Bauerline, Mark. “The Dumbest Generation Grows Up.” Simon and Schuster. 1.2.2022

Melillo, Gianna. “Most teenagers exposed to online pornography by age 13: survey.”  The Hill. Jan 10, 2023. https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/mental-health/3806794-most-teenagers-exposed-to-online-pornography-by-age-13-survey/

SMARTPHONE EFFECTS

Ruggeri, A. “How mobile phones have changed our brains” April 3, 2023. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20230403-how-cellphones-have-changed-our-brains

Reed, Jessa, Hirsch-Passek, Kathy. “Learning on hold: Cell phones sidetrack parent-child interactions.” Developmental Psychology, 2017. 53(8), 1428–1436.  https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000292

“Age of First Smartphone/Tablet and Mental Wellbeing Outcomes.” Sapien labs. May 15, 2023.  https://sapienlabs.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Sapien-Labs-Age-of-First-Smartphone-and-Mental-Wellbeing-Outcomes.pdf

Ward, Adrian; Duke, Kristen et al. “Brain Drain: The Mere Presence of One’s Own Smartphone Reduces Available Cognitive Capacity.” Journal of the Association for Consumer Research.  2017.  https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/691462

Tanil, Clarissa, Hooi Young, Min. “Mobile phones: The effect of its presence on learning and memory“. Aug. 13, 2020. Plos One 2020; 15(8): e0219233.  https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219233

Haynes, Trevor. “Dopamine, Smartphones & You: A Battle for Your Time”. Harvard 

University Science in the News. May 1, 2018. https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2018/dopamine-smartphones-battle-time/ 

Lepp, Andrew; Barkley Jacob; Karpinski Aryn. “The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and satisfaction with life in college students. Computers in Human Behavior, Feb. 2014. 31. 343-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.049

Barr, Nathaniel; Pennycook Gordon, et al “The brain in your pocket: Evidence that Smartphones are used to supplant thinking.” Computers in Human Behavior, Jul. 2015. 48. 473-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.029

Guyon, Peter W; Corroon, Jamie, et al 2020. “Hold the Phone! Cell Phone-Related Injuries in Children, Teens, and Young Adults Are on the Rise.” Global Pediatric Health Oct. 28, 2020.  https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794×20968459

Lin, Helen Lee. “How Your Cell Phone Hurts Your Relationships.” Scientific American. Sept 4, 2012.  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-your-cell-phone-hurts-your-relationships/

Asia, Grace. Here’s the shocking reason your phone addiction is ruining your sex life. NY Post. Nov 1, 2023. https://nypost.com/2023/11/01/lifestyle/phone-addiction-is-ruining-your-sex-life-tips-to-prevent-breakup/

Treece, Dock. “Employees Waste an Hour a Day on Mobile Devices at Work – Business News Daily.” Oct. 20, 2023. https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/10102-mobile-device-employee-distraction.html

Price, Catherine. “Putting down Your Phone May Help You Live Longer.” The New York Times, Apr. 24, 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/24/well/mind/putting-down-your-phone-may-help-you-live-longer.html

Lawson, Dakota; Henderson, Bruce B. “The Costs of Texting in the Classroom.” College Teaching Jun. 16, 2015. 63 (3): 119–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567555.2015.1019826

Wacks, Yehuda; Weinstein, Aviv. “Excessive Smartphone Use Is Associated with Health Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults.” Frontiers of Neuroscience. May. 2021; 12: 669042.  28. https://doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669042

Henley, John. “Smartphones and the Rise of Childhood Accidents.”  The Guardian. Jun. 18, 2013. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2013/jun/18/smartphones-and-rise-of-child-accidents 

“Rotary Phone Stumps Two Teenage Boys in Hilarious Bet.”  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHNEzndgiFI

Friedman, Delisa; Shannon, Noah. “Teens Would Rather Break Their Bones than Lose Their Phones.” Business Insider.  May 6, 2021. https://www.businessinsider.com/tech-addiction-teens-break-bone-lose-iphone-2018-4

“Nomophobia: The Irrational Fear of being without a mobile phone.”  Iberdrola.com. https://www.iberdrola.com/social-commitment/nomophobia. Accessed Dec. 2023.   

Fahmy, Miral. “People Would Rather Lose Wallet than Cellphone,” Reuters, Sept. 4, 2009. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cellphones-survey/people-would-rather-lose-wallet-than-cellphone-idUSTRE58323K20090904/

Henley, John. “Smartphones and the Rise of Childhood Accidents.”  The Guardian. Jun. 18, 2013. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2013/jun/18/smartphones-and-rise-of-child-accidents 

Badger, Emily; Blatt, Ben; Katz, Josh. “Why So Many Pedestrians in the US are Dying at Night“. Dec. 11, 2023. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2023/12/11/upshot/nighttime-deaths.html

Ye Ziliang; Zhang Yanjun et al. “Mobile phone calls, genetic susceptibility, and new-onset hypertension: results from 212 046 UK Biobank participants. “European Heart Journal – Digital Health, May, 2023. 4. (3). 165–174, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjdh/ztad024

Germino, Elizabeth. “As Back-To-School Time Approaches, the Fight over Cellphones in the Classroom Continues.” CBS News.  Aug. 2, 2022. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/back-to-school-cellphone-ban-policies/

Singer, Natasha. “An Epidemic of Vicious School Brawls Fueled by Student Cellphones.” The New York Times. Dec. 15, 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/12/15/technology/school-fight-videos-student-phones.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=articleShare 

READING FROM PAPER BEATS READING FROM SCREEN

Delgado, Carla. 2021. “How Fonts Affect Learning and Memory.“ Discover magazine, Oct. 9, 2021. https://www.discovermagazine.com/mind/how-fonts-affect-learning-and-memory

Delgado, Pablo; Vargas, Christina et al. “Don’t throw away your printed books: A meta-analysis on the effects of reading media on reading comprehension.” Science Direct. Educational Research Review. Elsevier. Nov. 2018. Vol 25. 23-28.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2018.09.003

Kerry Benson. “Reading on Paper vs. Screens: What’s the Difference?” Brainfacts.org. July 28,2020. https://www.brainfacts.org/neuroscience-in-society/tech-and-the-brain/2020/reading-on-paper-versus-screens-whats-the-difference-072820#:~:text=Print%20materials%20were%20more%20likely,processes%20visual%20and%20spatial%20cues

Jabr, Ferris. “The Reading Brain in the Digital Age: Why Paper Still Beats Screens.” Scientific American. Nov. 1, 2013.  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-reading-brain-in-the-digital-age-why-paper-still-beats-screens/ 

Chiaet, Julian. “Novel Finding: Reading Literary Fiction Improves Empathy.” Scientific American. Oct. 4, 2013.  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/novel-finding-reading-literary-fiction-improves-empathy/

Yun, Jun Sun; Sahakian, Barbara et al. “Early-initiated Childhood Reading for Pleasure: Associations with Better Cognitive Performance, Mental well-being and Brain Structure in Young Adolescence.” Cambridge University Press. June 28, 2023. https://doi: 10.1017/S0033291723001381

“Light and human health: LED risks highlighted.” LEDs magazine. Nov 16, 2010. https://www.ledsmagazine.com/smart-lighting-iot/smart-cities/article/16699866/light-and-human-health-led-risks-highlighted

“Our Screen-free Approach” Waldorf School.org. Accessed Dec. 2023.  https://thewaldorfschool.org/media#:~:text=Waldorf%20teachers%20bring%20academics%20t

Jenkin, Matthew. “Tablets out, imagination in: The schools that shun technology.” The Guardian. Dec. 2, 2015. https://www.theguardian.com/teacher-network/2015/dec/02/schools-that-ban-tablets-traditional-education-silicon-valley-london

Umejima, Keita. Ibaraki Takuya et al “Notebooks vs. Mobile Devices: Brain Activation Differences During Memory Retrieval.“ Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. 2021; 15: 634158. Published online 2021 March19.   https://doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2021.634158

Mangen, Anne.  Waglermo, Bente, et al. Reading linear texts on paper versus computer screen: Effects on reading comprehension. Elsevier, International Journal of Education Research. Vol 58, 2013. (61-8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2012.12.002 

WRITING BY HAND BEATS WRITING ON KEYBOARD

Keim, Brandon. “The Science of Handwriting.” Scientific American. Sept. 1, 2013. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-science-of-handwriting/

Mueller, Pam. Oppenheimer, Dan et al. “The Pen is Mightier than the Keyboard: Advantages of Longhand Over Laptop Note Taking.” Sage Journals. Apr. 23, 2014. Vol 25, 6. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797614524581Volume 25, Issue 6

Van der Weel, F.R., Van der Meer, Audrey. “Handwriting but not typewriting leads to widespread brain connectivity: a high-density EEG study with implications for the classroom.” Frontiers in Psychology, Jan. 26, 2024, Vol. 14 – 2023 

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1219945

Hu, Charlotte.  “Why Writing by Hand is Better for Memory and Learning.”  Scientific American. Feb. 21, 2024. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-writing-by-hand-is-better-for-memory-and-learning/

VIDEO GAMES/e SPORTS EFFECTS   

Mandal, Ananya. 2020. “Kids Spending Too Much Time Gaming.” News Medical, Jan. 20, 2020. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200120/Kids-spending-too-much-time-gaming.aspx

“Teens, Video Games and Civics.” Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. Sept. 16, 2008. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2008/09/16/teens-video-games-and-civics/.

 “eSports: Could It Become More Popular than the Real Thing?” ‌Euronews. 2022. Jun. 29, 2022. https://www.euronews.com/2022/06/23/esports-could-it-become-more-popular-than-the-real-thing.

‌“Esports Athletes At-Risk for Serious Injuries, Health Issues.” Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine.   https://findado.osteopathic.org/esports-athletes-at-risk-for-serious-health-issues.  

Burke, Patrick. “Macron Believes Paris 2024 “Historic Opportunity” for Esports in France.” Inside the Games. May 2, 2022. https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1122656/macron-esports-paris-2024

GOVERNMENT AND ORGANIZATION POSITION PAPERS AND LEGAL ISSUES

US Surgeon General Social Connection Advisory Report 2023. “Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation.” https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/surgeon-general-social-connection-advisory.pdf

Wall, Martin.  “Doctors urge ban on ‘destructive’ smartphone use by children under age of 16.” Irish Times. Aug. 28, 2024.  https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/education/2024/08/28/doctors-urge-ban-on-destructive-smartphone-use-by-children-under-age-16/

Kelly Y. et al. “Social Media Use and Adolescent Mental Health: Findings From the UK Millennium Cohort Study.“ The Lancet. Vol 6 59-68. Dec 2018.  https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(18)30060-9/fulltex

“Ban on Mobile Phones in Schools Takes effect from Today” Hungary Today. Sept 2, 2024. https://hungarytoday.hu/ban-on-mobile-phones-in-schools-takes-effect-from-today/

Anubhuti, Matta.  “German Kids Are Protesting Their Parents’ Smartphone Use”.  Sept. 19, 2018. The Swaddle. https://www.theswaddle.com/german-kids-are-protesting-their-parents-excessive-use-of-mobile-phones

Fung, Brian. “Dozens of states sue Instagram-parent Meta over ‘addictive’ features and youth mental health harms.” CNN. Oct. 24, 2023. https://edition.cnn.com/2023/10/24/tech/states-sue-instagram-parent-meta/index.html

Satariano, Adam. “British Ruling Pins Blame on Social Media for Teenager’s Suicide.” The New York Times, Oct. 1, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/01/business/instagram-suicide-ruling-britain.html

“Mental Health.” Adolescent and School Health. Centers of Disease Control. Jun 2, 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/mental-health/index.htm#:~:text=Adolescent%2520Mental%2520Health%2520Continues%2520to%2520Worsen&text=In%25202021%252C%2520more%2520than%25204

“Screen Time Recommendations by Age Chart” All About Vision. https://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/refractive-errors/screen-time-by-age/ references American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry table of screen time use. 

Brae, Anne M., Volkova Valeria et al. “Global Prevalence of Meeting Screen Time Guidelines Among Children 5 Years and Younger. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis” JAMA Pediatr. Feb. 14, 2022;176(4):373-383. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2789091  (also lists recs by age and from different organizations). 

 “Suicide in Children and Teens.” American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Jun. 2021. https://www.aacap.org/aacap/families_and_youth/facts_for_families/fff-guide/teen-suicide-010.aspx

Sherr, Ian. “US Government Bans Teen-Focused Messaging App NGL From Hosting Minors.” Cnet.com July 9, 2024. https://www.cnet.com/tech/us-government-bans-teen-focused-messaging-app-ngl-from-hosting-minors/

McCabe, David. “Google is a Monopolist- Judge Rules in Landmark Antitrust Case.” The New York Times. Aug. 5, 2024. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/08/05/technology/google-antitrust-ruling.html?smid=nytcore-ios-share&referringSource=highlightShare

“Surgeon General Issues New Advisory About Effects Social Media Use Has on Youth Mental Health.” U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. 2023. https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2023/05/23/surgeon-general-issues-new-advisory-about-effects-social-media-use-has-youth-mental-health.html

“Media and Young Minds.” American Academy of Pediatrics 2016. 138 (5): e20162591. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2591

“Global Education Monitoring Report 2023 Technology in Education”. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000385723/PDF/385723eng.pdf.multi

“Surveillance Giants: How the Business Model of Google and Facebook Threatens Human Rights.” Nov. 21, 2019.  Amnesty International Ltd. https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/pol30/1404/2019/en/

“Facebook and Google’s Pervasive Surveillance of Billions of People Is a Systemic Threat to Human Rights.” Nov. 21, 2019. Amnesty Internationalhttps://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2019/11/google-facebook-surveillance-privacy/

“Final recommendation statement: Anxiety Disorders in Adults: Screening 2023”. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/anxiety-adults-screening

‌‌Horwitz, Jeff. “The Facebook Files.” Wall Street Journal.  https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-facebook-files-11631713039. Accessed Dec. 2023. 

Shepardson, David. “Meta CEO Zuckerberg apologizes to parents at US Senate social media hearing.” Reuters. January 31, 2024. https://www.reuters.com/technology/meta-ceo-zuckerberg-apologizes-parents-us-senate-social-media-hearing-2024-01-31/ Accessed Feb.2024.

“To Grow up Healthy, Children Need to Sit Less and Play More.” ‌World Health Organization. Apr. 24, 2019. https://www.who.int/news/item/24-04-2019-to-grow-up-healthy-children-need-to-sit-less-and-play-more

 “Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act.” Wikipedia.  Accessed Dec. 2023. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s_Online_Privacy_Protection_Act

Cover Media. “Bob Dylan is banning all phones from his UK shows.“ Rova.nz. https://www.rova.nz/articles/bob-dylan-is-banning-all-phones-from-his-uk-shows-here-s-how-he-s-making-them-off-limits  Accessed Oct 2024. 

“IMO welcomes proposed ban on ‘destructive’ smartphones among young people.” Irish Medical Organization. Aug 27, 2024. https://www.imo.ie/news-media/news-press-releases/2024/imo-welcomes-proposed-ban/index.xml

“Think your parents are strict about video games? Hold my controller, says China.”  AP in LA Times. Aug 30, 2021. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2021-08-30/china-video-game-ban-law

“Statement on AI Risk” Petition by leaders in AI, incl. Sam Altman (CEO Open AI), Bill Gates, Dennis Hassabis (CEO Google DeepMind), Shane Legg (Co-founder Google DeepMind). May 2023.  “Mitigating the risk of extinction from AI should be a global priority alongside other societal-scale risks such as pandemics and nuclear war.” https://www.safe.ai/work/statement-on-ai-risk 

“Do Adults Have the Skills They Need to Thrive in a Changing World?” OECD Survey of Adult Skills 2023. Dec. 10, 2024. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/do-adults-have-the-skills-they-need-to-thrive-in-a-changing-world_b263dc5d-en.html

TATTOOS AS MARKERS OF INSTABILITY

Wood, Janice. “People with tattoos more likely to also have mental health issues.“  International Journal of Dermatology. Jan 27, 2019. https://psychcentral.com/news/2019/01/27/people-with-tattoos-more-likely-to-also-have-mental-health-issues#1

Raspa, R., Cusak, J. “Psychiatric implications of tattoos.” American Family Physician 1990. May 41 (5) 1481-6.  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2333825/#:~:text=Psychiatric%20disorders%2C%20such%20as%20antisocial,of%20an%20underlying%20psychiatric%20condition.

Koshla, Vivek et al. “Tattoos: What is Their Significance?“ Cambridge Univ. Press. Jan 2, 2018https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/advances-in-psychiatric-treatment/article/tattoos-what-is-their-significance/D2C57CCCA55C75378A8804FAF55147E2